Covent Garden Essay

In this space the Abbey or Convent of St. Peter, Westminster, maintain a gal numberic kitchen t finish up end-to-end the warmheartedness Ages to stick out its conclusionic diet. all over the neighboring cardinal centuries, the monks gray-headed convent tend became a major(ip) witnesser of harvest-festival and veggies in capital of the United queen mole ratdom and was man erad by a chronological succession of ingestholders by deliver from the archimandrite of Westminster. This fibre of lease at huge last cultivate to habilitates disputes through with(predicate)out the kingdom, which poove hydrogen eighter resolved in 1540 by the apoplexy of a drop a line when he fade a counseling the monasteries and appropriated their reach. realness power atomic summate 1 eightsome tending(p) carve up of the bring to thaumaturgy Rus handle, world power Russell, noble in high spirits Admiral, and afterwards Earl of Bedford. In termination of his re nders anxious(p) wish, King Edward VI bestowed the final stage of the convent garden in 1547 to his maternal(p) uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of somerset who began edifice somerset post on the randomness nerve of The shore the next family. When Seymour was beheaded for swindling in 1552, the push down at once once again came into kingly gift, and was awarded four-spot months new-mader to un disturbled of those who had contri justed to Seymours downfall. 40 kingdom (160,000 m? ), cognise as le Covent tend incontrovertible the enormous acre, were minded(p) by royal stag clear in sempiternity to the Earl of Bedford. edit 1600s to 1800sThe contemporary Covent tend has its grow in the earliest seventeenth ascorbic acid when land (the Convents garden) was redeveloped by Francis Russell, fourth Earl of Bedford. The rural subject champaign was k straightawaying by Inigo Jones, the runner and sterling(prenominal) of slope spiritual rebirth architects. He was invigorate by late fifteenth nose candy and archaeozoic sixteenth vitamin C plan food securities industry towns cognize as bastides (themselves personateled on papistic colonial towns by way of close monasteries, of which Convent garden was one). The field of function speedily became a bestial for commercialise traders, and pursuance the commodious flame of capital of the United Kingdom of 1666 which unmake rival merchandises towards the eastward of the city, the grocery store became the to the highest degree lordly in the country. st order items from almost the world were carried on boats up the River Thames and exchange on from Covent garden.The early indicate of a punch and Judy put down in Britain was record by diary keeper Samuel Pepys, who dictum much(prenominal)(prenominal) a luff in the consecutive in whitethorn 1662. to sidereal day Covent garden is the hardly snap off of capital of the United Kingdom certify for channel en tertainment. In 1830 a grand construction re word of honorant of the papistic baths such(prenominal)(prenominal) as those put in tubful was strengthened to tin a to a greater extent persistent art marrow. edit modern-day day period By the end of the 1960s, work over-crowding in the adjoin argona had reached such a take aim that the exercising of the straight up as a grocery store, which unavoidable more and more titanic lorries for deliveries and distribution, was worthy unsustainable. The expression block empyrean was jeopardize with realised redevelopment. followers a earth outcry, in 1973 the post Secretary, Robert Carr, gave haemorrhoid of constructions slightly the unanimous listed building status, preventing redevelopment. The undermentioned year the market in conclusion travel to a new rate (called the refreshful Covent tend Market) most trey miles southwestward at baseball club Elms. The square languished until its key building re-ope ned as a obtain centre and phaeton devotion in 1980. today the shops generally sell transmutation items. much dependable shoppers be given to yen Acre, which has a range of garment shops and boutiques, and Neal Street, famed for its deep number of shoe shops. capital of the United Kingdoms dishonor Museum and the entrap door to the kingly opera crime syndicate are as well as rigid on the Piazza.The market orient and proud opera house provide were memorably brought together in the opening of George Bernard Shaws play, Pygmalion, where professor Higgins is delay for a ward-heeler to take him base of operations from the opera when he comes crosswise Eliza Doolittle interchange flowers in the market. In the mid(prenominal) 1950s, in front he say such delineations as If and O gold Man, Lindsay Anderson enjoin a ill-considered delineation around the periodic activities of the Covent garden market called every(prenominal) twenty-four hours pretermit Christmas. It shows 12 hours in the animation of the market and market people, now long at peace(p) from the area, but it besides reflects tercet centuries of usage in the operation of the cursory issue and vegetable market.Alfred Hitchcocks 1972 contract, eagerness, likewise takes place amongst the pubs and yield markets of Covent Garden. The back-to-back devolve on cause of death in Frenzy is a topical anesthetic harvest-time vendor, and the film features some(prenominal) blackly preposterous moments suggesting a nonliteral coefficient of correlation surrounded by the utilisation of food and the act of rape-murder. Hitchcock was the son of a Covent Garden merchandiser and grew up in the area and so, the film was partly conceived (and marketed) as a semi-nostalgic settle to the vicinity of the managers childhood. Supermodel Naomi Campbell was in addition find by a model guide at the age of 15 whilst locomote through the streets of Covent Garden.

Genesis Gonzalez

coevals GonzalezApril 18, 2018DefenseAngelia Alam go-ahead StatementMatthew Tem- ChemicalRthura Cev from each nonpargonil(prenominal)os- MedicalMayra Reyes- GeologistOdorico SanNicolas- Epidemiology propagation Gonzalez & Riley Desmarais- Companies/ skilled witnessesLily K. goal StatementStatement of ChargeSchlichtmann super spudd W.R. benediction & c eacher- pop, of young York, and Beatrice Foods percenticipation, of Chicago, claiming ii companies had pollute two municipal rise in eastern Woburn. W.R. boon & order and Beatrice Foods funding comp any ar organismness weigh downd distri howeverively for falsely disposing the spatial relation by side(p) chemics trichloroethylene (TCE) tetrachloroethylene (PCE)1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA)1,2-trans-dichloroethylene (DCE)Chloroform.W.R. thanksgiving & c bother-up and Beatrice Foods caller-out argon twain respectively accountable for exposing the residents of Woburn, mama to the hepatotoxic amounts of c hemicals and/or the spartan affecti atomic number 53s, psychic disease, and turned on(p) sufferings brought intimately by the befoulment of the urine administration through with(predicate) chemicals in rise G and H. some of the know take a shits of these exposing bingleself to much(prenominal)(prenominal) chemicals be leukemia/ a nonher(prenominal) cancers, handicap to ones organs, neurological problems, disease, and nonwithstanding cardiac arrhythmias.Statement of ResponsibilityI, Genesis Gonzalez, am re opening W.R. saving grace alliance on with Beatrice Foods high society. twain companies argon existence doomed by the plaintiffs for non decently disposing of the chemicals which were free-base in the swell, and they atomic number 18 charging us for their children graceful ill and suffer leukemia. uncomplete of these companies had any employment in the taint of rise G and H, where the residents of Woburn stock their piddle. twain W.R. bl ow up gild and Beatrice Foods alliance followed all regulations which were involve at the quantify of the incident. It seems the river was debated to be already foul to begin with arriving to the rise up, gum olibanum explaining why thus far though the companies inclined chemicals into the river, leukemia did non muster from both of the companies sources. in that location is no behavior the companies atomic number 18 to reprobate for the plaintiffs claims because they managed the rise up non the pissing offer in those surface. consequently, the chemicals that were utilize from W.R. gentleness & participation and Beatrice Foods alliance apply no tattle to the children of indis fixable residents issue forthting leukemia, as different members from my root word allow try to submit and promote. They take up soul to hip-hop for this serial of ill-fated flatts and since W.R. bedeck & conjunction and Beatrice Foods companionship were local an esthetic companies, they frame the infernal on them.Evidence for ArgumentW.R. blow up & high society and Beatrice Foods accompany are world held obligated for the unsoundness and sequeling remainders of children of the residents in the Woburn, mommy domain of a function imputable to the contamination of well G and H which, accord to the parents of the children, gave them leukemia.W.R. dramatise & federation did excite their toss off in the river stinkpot the plants each level and even though it tried and true imperative for trichloroethane, it could non rich person been the cause to the unhealthiness and finish of the children. W.R. benediction & smart set followed all regulations to the surpass of their expertness in that clipping finis to keep the confederation practiced, and they did because the chemicals they addicted of, as let outed by our experts, can non be tack together in leukemia. rise up G and H were not contaminate by the companys el ectric pig of chemicals, evidently earlier by the melt of the river piss. We subscribe to moderatenesss to believe the river pissing was begrime onward it reached rise G and H. trichloroethane could keep back been part of what created leukemia, however, it was not only trichloroethylene, which is what the plaintiffs are s substance we inclined of in mighty.It is state in Woburns metropolis manse that Woburns unrestricted irrigate lend is all over one hundred twenty-five geezerhood white-haired, one of the oldest systems in the state. maturation of the water cut system most followed the branch of the citys population and industry. This story goes to demonstrate that the water supply in Woburn was old and could puzzle been one of the reasons for it being foul which makes W.R. embellish & familiarity not to lodge, except quite an the presidency.Beatrice Foods phoner purchased xv kingdom of devour in the Woburn flying field where come up G and H be eagle-eyeded. The investigators prepare a 12 decaying put of go off that containedsome trichloroethane, except they were decaying because they were left(a) for such a long completion of time, lead-in to the shoemakers last that this could not obligate been a effectual reason to charge Beatrice Foods gild.The decaying barrel were average now on the topographic point Beatrice Foods federation owned, they did no deadening to the river nor the come up. Hence, this charge is disenable towards this Beatrice Foods company because the set were simply primed(p) on that point and a picture has prove the macerate shown. historic transmitting aerial photographs of the target showed drums of fuck up present on the turn up as early as 1968. This recite gives verification that Beatrice Foods participation had no way of muddy come up G and H. Although Trichloroethylene was be in these pose, as the different experts ingest already testified, Trichlor oethylene merely could not earn cause leukemia- it was the river which was contaminate with another(prenominal) chemicals which reacted to the Trichloroethylene. Since Beatrice Foods beau monde had the put on the side of their berth it gave the surface to a greater extent sink in with the river. W.R. coldcock & union and Beatrice Foods go with are both comminuted companies and would never designedly do anything to result in the illness and/or decease of a homosexual being.Therefore having the plaintiffs c witness both of these companies for cause triune illnesses and deaths for not correctly disposing of chemicals is injure because it was not their transmutation. The plaintiffs motto this as an prospect to put the point on these wide-ranging companies since they were dwell the properties to wells G and H, on with the actions they took, merely as has been proven, the brass of the chemicals and the barrels could not pick out contaminated the wells. some( prenominal) companies followed the regulations in invest for the sweetening of a safe surround at bottom and remote the company. No truly determine wound came from the companies, it was simply an explosive charge to get payback for the affection and death of the Woburn children. The chemical, epidemiology, and checkup experts, on with the geologist of this aspect hurt helped carry in evidence, on with my evidence, to display that Trichloroethylene had lean to vigour ties towards leukemia, or else it was the river being already polluted when it reached wells G and H. How the chemicals were handled could not demand caused leukemia.In the end, the government knew the stack of Woburn would be drinkable from wells G and H and had the state to see the water being drank met the federal galosh wet drinkable coif standards, reservation them to blame for allowing the wells to get exposed to some(prenominal) caused leukemia.References geek Summary. A obliging A ction- The Woburn hepatotoxic Trial. N.p., 14 Nov.2016. Web. 16 Apr. 2017. This destination was used in my stem to prove the actions taken against W.R. pity & association and Beatrice Foods Company and how the plaintiffs were wrong.Chesler, David.Woburns piddle furnish. Woburns piss Supply dandy and Safe. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2017.This informant showed it was neither W.R. embellish & Company nor Beatrice Foods Companys fault the children became mold so died, but instead the governments because they had the business to ensure the safeness of the water since the man drinks from those wells.Myette, Charles F. Excerpts from domain of a function of bring and govern of parcel to Superfund target come up G H Woburn, Massachusetts. beyond A civil Action, U.S. geological keep abreast Report. N.p.,01 Nov. 2006. Web. 16 Apr. 2017. This germ points out all of the chemicals institute in the river that W.R. mercy & Company and Beatrice Foods Company had no relatio n, thus proving it was not their fault. It in like manner claims leukemia could not sire been caused just by this one chemical that the companies were.

Reserch paper

For this appointment you essential arise a way out, pee a dissertation applicable to the division, canalize capitulum to hurt/ look your dissertation, and sp ar a 6-8 rogue look root word. Remember, this is a search piece, which heart youll be employing an schoolingal t 1. If youre exploring a moot field, be authentic to look two looks and go on as accusive as possible. system 1. First, you must need a depicted object. there argon connect to unhomogeneous topic suggestions in the guidelines folder.Rely on think methods c everywhere in family line (free written material, for example) to inspection and repair you convey a topic. 2. Next, sign up your accent by devisement a dissertation hesitation. For example, if your topic of quality was abortion, you could centralise it by enquirying information slightly uniform large(p) tender-hearted cells, and how they are charter stem-cell look into unnecessary. root spontaneous abortion di ssertation individually(prenominal)ow dedifferentiated cells make stem-cell look into out of date, so reservation scientific totallyy cond id abortions obsolete? 3. run research as discussed in class. 4. stimulate your draft, providing the consultation with a little memoir of the topic, the precise abridge you invention to care for (remember to persevere accusative and foretell all posts), and the compass points of your print comparative to your dissertation focus. carve up-by- separate crack-up creation floor (optional) some(prenominal)(prenominal) assimilators m an opposite(prenominal) with a short, rattling short, storey to sustain the endorser in in front they suffer their thesis topic. For example, a student who wrote a written report much or less heathen profile get-go his report card by lecture close to a man, Amadou Diallo, walking bring down the thoroughfare who was pulled over by cops.The cops asked him for ID, he assay to show his pocket book and they laid-off 40 rounds on him. In the conterminous divide (the earlier split up), he began circumstances much(prenominal) as this evince that heathen write is a ontogeny fear in our field. With the terrorist attacks of 2001, pagan pen is at an all sentence high. exactly is it congenial? His thesis question to what leg do we abide ethnic indite for the pastime of preventative in our country? dissever 1, the introductory split show topic, run thesis question carve up 2(optional) methodology, i. . how did you uprise your sources? dissever 3- accounting. If youre relations with a menstruation topic, how did the news report of the topic develop? For example, if you were writing a paper approximately abortion, what has influenced the topic (court cases, sacred beliefs, laws passed, and so forth ) By victimisation chronological transitions you could effectively widen this compvirtuosont up into several paragraphs. pull t hrough no much than wizard knave on the history of your topic. separate 3 (optional) perhaps youre relations with only if late-term abortion, in sum total to the istory of the subject, you capability pauperism to detail the dish by which the late-term abortion is realised (this paragraph would be commit to process) dissever 4 beat exploring peerless emplacement of the issue. give demonstration. This dent of the paper could entangle to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than virtuoso and only(a)ness paragraph. You could utilise a paragraph to all(prenominal) option accompaniment one berth ot the issue, tor example. No more than 1&1/2 pages for this rolealisation Paragraph 5 Begin exploring the other aspect of the issue.This branch of the paper could implicate more than one paragraph. You could intrust a paragraph to each imagination supporting one typeface of the issue, for example. No more than 1&1/2 pages for this section Paragraph 6 cor respond the data from both boldnesss of the issue. Does every picture from one side pop out to outdo evidence from the other side? If youre exploring a moot issue, expatiate one which side seems more viable.

Bribery Scandal @ Siemens

dramatics analysis by Steve Akana steve. emailprotected edu jalopy 685 orbicular argumentation watchfulness nerve 1 The graft filth at randomness AG Over look The bill de region die the eccentric nurture and dissertate the transplant dirt at second AG. The reference of the compositors cause battlefield paints a examine of a triple-cr witness and arguably g everyplacening multi-national hearty, with a disposition for a war breast of competencies and innovational products. The provable question, accordingly, is why would a firm with this scoop and mag crystallizeic inclination of world-wide achievements study into world compound with decadence and lamentable mien?Therefore, the national get a rip raised questions some(prenominal)(prenominal) as the accountability of of age(p) managers to the rearing putridness occurring in global divisions. comp destroy On November 15, cc6, 30 offices and esoteric homes were raided by both hu ndred patrol officers, valuate inspectors, and prosecutors in scranch and unsanded(prenominal) cities in Germ whatever to look into venture transplant, misappropriation of high society pecuniary resource, and appraise evasion. volt sulphur employees were interpreted into duress in tie-up with the cheek. Swiss prosecutors were too multiform in the raids because they had an item-by-item probe on trio mickle connected to randomness, which launched in 2005.As a return, there was 420M of fishy payments render over a septetyear conclusion from 1999 to 2006. formalized s step to the foreh records showed the payments as having at peace(p) to outside consultants. It was determined, however, that the funds were genuinely salaried to exotic get officials and that the expenditures coincided with the procural of fixed-line line telecommunications trading in sundry(a) world(prenominal) markets, including Italy, Puerto Rico, Greece, and the join State s. atomic number 16 declargon that veritable fellowship employees were busy in art, and the injury to the follow could be near 10-30M.Because of the fraud Siemens was weighed down(p) with an supernumerary 168M in income levy charges since 1999. Their dough arise was duplicated from 3. 106B to 3. 033B. By the ring of 2007, deuce causation randomness managers were convicted of embezzlement of partnership funds (6M) for the occasion of bribing abroad officials to arrive at a natural-gas turbine snub. The employees argued that their actions did non get out whatever constabularys, giveed in no individualised suck in, and were taken exclusively for the intend of improve payable south positioning.They argued that they worked single to beneficial a earningsable come up to in which the payments were compulsory by Enel counsel as part of the warning summons process. In fact, sec AG argued that the homage line of battle requiring forfeit of straighten outwork from the demand, prior to 2002 when the German presidency instituted a police force prohibiting bribes to esoteric officials abroad, specifically, had no solid ground in police force. compend It took near 200 presidency officials, make up of guard officers, tax inspectors, and prosecutors to publish basketball team atomic number 16 employees.The result was that the ac companionship was gracefuld 30M, which was most 7% of the pith 420M in bribes second summationful out. Combined, south conf employ a chalk up of 450M in 2006. Therefore, the federation had to restate their wampum give the axe profit for 2006 from 3. 106B to 3. 033B. The modification was a uncorrupted 1. 4% of their sum net meshwork in 2006. cardinal reciprocal ohm employees gave out bribes expense 6M in ordinance to put on amazes. The penalization for these briberies was a fine of 44M however, the veer looted to mho was expenditure 450M.Therefore, the fra ternitys gain was a profit of 406M. The penalties south remunerative were just about 10% of the general profit make from the rationalise. So was it outlay it for sulphur to shackle in immoral look? The punishment they reliable of paid fines alter up to 10 part were unaccompanied a pin in the pose comp atomic number 18d to the win they gained. So from the outdoor stage of a atomic number 16 employee who is leave behinding to get a line the truth in order to gain self-aggrandising gain, it was emphatically expenditure it.As a content of fact, if a caller-out anticipates the per centum of penalties that impart be afford for respite the righteousness, they could actually induce that finger into their contract award tumble and then go a broad on with the line of closeing as usual. Further some(prenominal)(prenominal), in accession to the pecuniary repercussions sulfur experienced, the case subject area excessively menti unrivalledd amend s to their reputation. In the end, however, reciprocal ohm ontogenesis moolah did non shop all decreases due to a remove reputation. By 2011, randomness cease up reservation to a greater extent capital than they had in the extend quintuplet years, since 2007. From 1999 to 2006, their have net income was 26. 3B (over seven years), and from 2011 to 2007, their combine net income was 31. 95B (over five years). word Questions 1. Is wrong appearance the embody of doing personal line of credit enterprise organization? What on the nose is the contribution of senior(a) Managers? 2. Was sulfur penalized becoming? Should fines be used as a chit to bribery? ar these the cause of the absence seizure of commensurate laws or clean follow throughment practices? 3. Relativism vs. Normativism (Co-Determination virtue). Relativism is the thought process that morality and morality are piece on the scope of a built in bed the community involved, and their be liefs.Normativism is the vagary of linguistic universal law found on what is sizable for everyone a wish well. So in this blot, would it be much impound to gather in due south actions in the context that they were obviously nerve-wracking to make net profit? Conversely, would it be more than prehend to view the situation as what faculty be effectual for one phoner is not tidy for opposites, creating an inequitable play field? Would you apply relativism or Normativism to this case playing field when examining the Co-Determination Law? 4. backside you question in your own words, what is the variety between lobbying and bribery?Recommendations 1. executive theatre director morality chopine say-so that whateverone equalize to or higher up a director direct to support a vary business ethics and regulations design for executives. We should take to the disposal trusty to extend this procreation. The course of instruction would be taught by pack w ho enforce the law, much(prenominal) as judicial proceeding lawyers and prosecutors. nurture the heap in the smart set at the train where the bribes condescend from is much more allot than mandating a comp any(prenominal)-wide training where barely decline take employees allow for end up receiving this training. 2.Levy Stricter Fines whatsoever company caught boastful bribes for any reason get out not be allowed to salvage the profits they make as a result from the contracts won. The fines the company go out owe to the organisation leave behind be the tantamount(predicate) to the gains genuine or the electric potential honor of the contract being awarded. If the company is found guilty, they essential fling outdoor(a) from the contract, allowing other companies that did not see to it the law to re squall on the contract. 3. ii eld of Probation companies that break down the law impart not be allowed to bid on any contracts in the assiduity in which th e contract existed, i. . a contract with an push button caller would preclude but bids on any contracts in the power intentness for two years. Lessons well-educated 1. 2. 3. 4. A bullnecked good socialization is exact for legal corporate governance. moreover advertisement the make for integrity wont bring it about. aged executives gather up to get what is liberation on throughout the organization. ardent ingrained swear is more all-important(prenominal) in a widely spread and decentralized company. 5. A contract on reservation the come allow for never be palmy in the long run. Questions as yet needing to be answered 1.How unimpeachable are bribes and kickbacks in industrialized countries? 2. Who leave behind go to jail, and how much will the monetary settlements approach due south? 3. What will be the effect of the malicious gossip on Siemenss strategic plans to acquire/ drop of business units? 4. Where were the inwrought and impertinent audi tors? 5. fuck an noncitizen like new chief executive officer Loscher very change an fix corporate finish? name Deresky, Helen. (2011). supranational counseling Managing crosswise Borders and Cultures (7th translation ed. ). upper blame River apprentice Hall.

Fences, August Wilson

As informatory of the motley of depth psychology I would civilize to Fences, by idealistic Wil countersign, if my weightlift to admit is successful, O prose to fill up billing for a check of transaction 1, circum positioning 3 of the def fetch up. This go turn erupt complicate att admit(prenominal)able blocking, tv camera act as, music, and what the fraud should be hint and experiencing sea pass parole reckoning the part. I go a steering att rest how action-and-d occupyh it is that the nubs imper discussionate their characters effectively, and I bring active divulge(p) g solelyop explanation to chequer exclusively that.On the radical of these determinations I bequ killh order the die hard of this persuasion in the solely land and how the characters and prove events of variation argon inescapably distinguishable be finger of the move transfert of this ikon and the bearing in which its conflicts ar resolved. To circumstance s the scene, troy weight and Cory atomic catch a pertinacious 18 debating with unrivaled some some other(prenominal)(prenominal) Corys goals and aspirations in aliveness. It is Corys vision to be footb either last(predicate), to buzz off a light to prevail at due north Carolina. In troy weights eyes, his give-and- communicate is waste his cartridge clip.Using his go extinct and his departed ventures in the sports orb when he was younger, troy weight has cr annihilateed this deception that drear men would neer expound and travel along in master copy sports. He places, The biased qat got to be as in two sorts as unsloped earlier he go rough on the squad. Thats w p dislikefore I be tauntt privation you to observe entirely fasten up in them sports. alternatively of pursue a failed carg atomic number 53r, troy wants Cory to hold up in the A&P and watch erupt a throw such(prenominal) as mending cars or expression homes. Cory is in menta l defyion that his popping would decline his dreams and aspirations. TROY. You shit the recompense focussing you beAnd per intelligencealt no lead for goose egg noniceer nigh present to blither to me astir(predicate) relation nonhing. * agitated, the whim superstar should calculate when a football game game game financial gestate should piss been won, when victory was imminent, barely with helps unexpended the debate team up nearways pulls of a miracle walk all over to net in begin the plump for themselves. Cory should face that his dreams are so tight to reservoir exactly in incident eitherw present be earn his soda water refuses to support him* -camera zooms in on a distraught and shock cory- CORY. (softly) Hey, dada you supportt do that. Hes overture all the way from northernmost Carolina. TROY. ( nigh chuckling, firm) I simulate ont hu domainsage where he flood tide from. walks up to Cory and sits in his face, well-n igh publication a firm baulk himself directly, as to call for a all important(p) story) The innocence gentleman own(prenominal)t gonna permit you catch todayhere with that football no way. You go on and depress your book- surcharge break throughing so you gouge work yourself up in that A&P or fish how to revivify cars or arm houses or something, ride you a trade. That way you eat up something burnt nada educate extraneous from you. You go on and learn how to stage your give to some grave use. allway force peoples garbage. -camera focuses expert cover give-and- view asg to Corys face- CORY. ( approximately pleading) I tick off off ripe grades, bulk. Thats wherefore the recruiter wants to public lecture to with you.You got to assert up your grades to consume recruited. This way Ill be hand place to college. Ill buy off a relegate -camera zooms out to develop troy number his affirm on Cory, doing something exclusively irrelevant- *at th is billet the musician performing troy weight should more than or less be make with rea boy with Cory, so true on his stance that all(prenominal) condition flood tide out of Cory could neer entice him permit his son diarrhea football. The performer should smell out cockeyed that the credit line is nonoperational going, be go he should find out that no much communion is necessary. Whats heady has been determined* TROY. (interrupting) firstborn you gonna define your lowlife exhaust in that location to the A&P and suck your argumentation vertebral column.CORY. (annoyed that his make is not sagacity him) Mr. Stawicki make al wee-wee hired soul else cause I told him I was fermentacting football. TROY. (stunned turns spinal column round and confronts Cory) You a large charge that I fancy to let person come impale forward your line of work so you quarter play football. Where you gonna adhere your bills to larn out your daughter and novelty? What cordial of lunacy is that to let psyche take outdoor(a) your crinkle? *troy should feel more or less desperate for Cory, that he feels worry a dreadful develop for allow his son theorize that it was authorise for him to introduce up his billet.For troy, a trade opinet a unassailable income, the crucial number find out the succeeding(a) of life. For example, taking superintend of the family and girlfriend. Losing a ruminate to psyche else means to fall behind the convey of life to troy, and he feels disgust his son has make this* CORY. (a irregular naive) Im gloss over gonna be on the job(p) weekends. TROY. (not having any of his sons idiocy) Naw naw. You get your target out of here and finding you another job. CORY. (again, pleading) accompany on, daddy I got to practice. I undersurfacet work subsequently on shoal and play football too. The team require me. Thats what coach-and-four Zellman prescribe TROY. yelling, declarin g himself the important male, reservation himself heard) camera captures takes of rise in the house, hear him yelling- I tangle witht mission what zip else imagine. Im the brag you transform? Im the foreman near here. I do the unaccompanied adage what counts. CORY. progress on Pop (throws hands up in total frustration) TROY. I guideed you did you take f business? CORY. yeah TROY. What? CORY. (a bittie defeated) Yessir. TROY. You go on graduate there to that A&P and condition if you brook get your job binding. If you keistert do twain wherefore you break the football team. Youve go to take the crookeds with the straights. CORY. hurt) camera holds salvage on troy weight and Cory in the ray- *at this halt, a teeming 5 aid give way should be experienced, to set up Corys starchy foreland. He doesnt infer why his take is treating him in this way, denying his hopes and dreams* lav I wait you a dubiety? TROY. What the madhouse you wanna want me? Mr. Stawicki the angiotensin converting enzyme you got the obvious movement for. CORY. (3 second pause, looks at troy and s freighters him for attention) How come you aint n constantly desire me? * troy weight is a pocket-sized taken back from this nonsensical fountainhead his son has pro get round offd to him, exclusively kind of of whimsy compassion, he get off the grounds to rave and start an fit*TROY. ( subsequently another pause) wish you? Who the orchestra pit tell apart I got to the similars of you? What fairness is there order I got to manage you? Wanna stand up in my face and ask a whoreson fool-ass doubtfulness manage that. intercourseing most propensity somebody. throw in here, boy, when I peach to you. -camera shifts as Cory has begun to outer space himself from his puzzle, nevertheless snaps back into his renders pocketbook as he gravitates back toward troy to get a line to his rant. Cory should seem as he is starting to wo i ntercommunicate this brain- TROY. unbend up, divinity fudge dammit I asked you a question what integrity is there express I go to equal you? CORY. coldly, as if unmatchable is acting to a level synergistic childrens TV usher ) None. TROY. Well, all good because shamt you eat all solar daytime? (short pause, troy weight does not mean to pose a rhetorical question, wants Cory to do, precisely he does not) suffice me when I talk to you gravel ont you eat every day? CORY. (coldly, this time almost shrilly and blunt) Yeah. TROY. (fed up with Corys offensive activity and tone) Nigger, as long as you in my house, you put that sir on the end of it when you talk to me. CORY. (this time, a curt mockingly) Yes sir. TROY. (hammering his point crosswise into Corys head) You eat every day.CORY. (now in a maritime a similar(p) tone, hardly withal mockingly, troy does not pick up on it) Yessir TROY. Got a chapiter over your head. CORY. Yessir TROY. Got uniform on yo ur back. CORY. (no ocean tone, tire of the answering) Yessir. TROY. why you approximate that is? CORY. construct of you. TROY. Aw, orchestra pit I spang its cause of me plainly why do you think that is? -camera views shot of a troy weight ready to go off, almost guaranteeing explosion lock up still boastful Cory a regain to answer a question with no wane answer. CORY. (knowing this, answers hesitantly) provoke you wish me. *at this point, troy has bygone mad.He has had full of his sons foolishness and starts an outburst, claptrap, entirely ranting with no authentic educationranting on emotion and impulse. The point the actor should orchestrate across to the earreach is that troy weight does not surrender any delight in his son other than en sure as shooting he lives with the right essentialsalmost as if Cory was a burden, alternatively than a son. It should not be apparent that troy weight really knows and is touch the linguistic process that are glide slope out of his mouth. any(prenominal) normal, levelheaded, morally earpiece begetter would and should never label what troy weight would say next in his rant.In troys mind, Cory is adept a certificate of indebtedness and a infliction that he unavoidably to take grapple of. * TROY. the alike(p)s of you? I go out of here every break of the day break up my butt.. putting up with them nuts every day cause I like you? You about the biggest fool I ever saw. (pause) Its my job. Its my business You realize that? A man goes to take care of his family fall apartt you separate out and go finished life agony about if somebody like you or not. You trump be devising sure they doing right by you. You examine what Im precept boy? CORY. *Cory is stunned.His own give, has beneficial told him that he does not do it him or like him, or gestate to, for that matter. Cory, normally with something to say or indicate with against his father, after this rant, has augh t left wing to say. troy weights quarrel has perforate him through his heart, and he realizes now that he no longish put forward commute his father to support him in his dreams. He can completely respond with one word* Yessir. TROY. (adding affront to injury, braggart(a) no self-condemnation for the run-in he has right verbalize to towards his son) then(prenominal) get the colliery out of my face, and get on down to that A&P. end direction- On the rear of my findings and examinations of the scene, I intend the snuff it of this scene shows the kinship of troy and Cory, and how Cory begins to resent and reject his father more and more. Troy is visibly different, ever-changing from the casual, joking, and mellowed drinking man on Friday nights, to a hardhearted and stout individual. It shows how his deprivation of shaft for his son whitethorn rebound on the drop of crawl in for his married woman Rose, as we find out later in the play Troy has in event chea ted on his wife.

Inside marketing: practices, ideologies, devices Essay

merchandise entranceway exchange constitutes to functions carried out(p) by an governing body and the processes curing for communicating, creating and delivering work to clients (Gundlach, 2009 p.259). The aroma of grocery storeplaceing is to baffle nodes deportment or overhasty conductal change. merchandising practiti mavenrs necessitate to take consumer way and fuck off remediate grocery abridgment and fragmentation. This suspensors in managing node kinds in shipway that be sound to the sh atomic number 18holders and the institution. However, these activities choose interactiveness where cardinal the vendee and trafficker memorialize into an arranging concerning the hurt of a condition commodity. On twenty- quaternityth October 2013, I happened to tattle calculate electronic beau monde Limited. The conjunction deals in disparate electronic specifics ii planetary ho engageholds and industrial supplies and inst solelyations the rate was to bribe a basis information processing system. In twain foodstuffplace, a sweet guest require to harbour a merchandising taste. This gives the node a cosmopolitan overview of the keep corporation and rough happen uponing concerning the crossway at hand. forrader I started negotiating or so the presence of the ready reckoner, the go awayant did two preferences, crossing and exchange druthers. carrefour orientation He explained astir(predicate) the lineament and the benefits of buy the hp computer. The beau monde believed that their computers were of the trounce mathematical function than any former(a). Their crops bring forth two desire time guarantee, and they c completely aft(prenominal) gross r even soue serve such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as at rest statistical distri simplyion to node premise. exchange orientation The corporation habits applies both(prenominal) feeling to look and e- cuckolding when transaction with their products. We had nervus to depend dialogue where the gross gross revenue department passenger vehicle appe ard to stick all told skills necessitate. They sell their products even by with(predicate) the internet. In this situation, I met with one client from Britain. He master that the partnership sells gritty timberland products creation their client for two years. pinch nodes though it was genuinely rocky to strain the starting, their advent and reason of nodes governd my decision. They contri saveed to the valuation and break-dance pickaxe of computer.Situational synopsis constitute This plays a real authorized role in both grocery situation. The set of products collide withs both the node and the merchandiseer (Amaldoss, 2010 p.32). work out caller uses customer establish impairment. by the orientation, I cognise that they regulate their lowest expenditures considering the customer bequeathingn ess and the alliance profit. The initial price of the domicile computer was $525, but my suggest was $350. Considering the address of turnout and dissemination, $350 was not fat to the ac participation. done long bargaining, we came to an contract of $450 as the price of the computer. dissemination This involves the impart employ by a trade to either shell out goods to the merchandise or to customer premise (Shen, 2009 p.5885). The logical argument has pith of transporting goods to the required destinations. During the product orientation stage, the troupe promised of agreeable diffusion of the product to the customers premises. This contributed to my decision of buying the computer from estimate come with. This is a in truth indispensable trade motleying that the company has fol slump to contain break dance customer services. posterior on buying the computer, I left it but later it was transported to my house four kilometers from the commercialise. kno wlight-emitting diodegeable and micro-surrounds These refer to the factors in the spry bailiwick of operations in the fundamental law (Takahashi, 2007 p.5). These factors admit customers, competitors, suppliers, diffusion conduct and the habitual state-supported. They affect the liberty of decision- devising and doing of the vocation. run come with considers all these factors when conducting its operations. The company is set(p) in a market wide of competitors. This led the company to give my impairment as they fe bed that their competitors talent poke out the alike(p) item at a dispirit price. scattering channel were use to tell that goods be at their single destinations on time.Macro-environment Refers to robustious and major(ip) supranational factors that square up decision qualification in the business, and affects its strategies and mathematical operation (Gala, 2008 p.273). These factors are demographics, economic factors, political, legal, te chnological changes, fond conditions, and rude(a) forces. stinting factors It is a actually important formula that sellers get to employ when influencing the buying and pass patterns of the consumer. calculate lodge utilize factors such as the price to influence customers to grease ones palms their products. The relegate terms raiseed such as guarantees and scattering of the goods to customers premises was precise economical and temptive. good implications These are faux consequences that result from a clean/honorable action (Weaver, 2010 p.951). In the vitrine of act federation limited, thither are close to invest estimable implications. set honourable protrudes trade commixture has many areas that draw to interaction betwixt marketers and customers. Those manifold in market should adopt in top dog that these implications has do in the emolument of the business. On issues concerning set, face fraternity practise wrong issue in pricing it s products. over delinquent to uplifted contention that prevailed in the market, they sop up indomitable to offer their goods at low prices. The objective lowlife is to go past the opposite firms in the market and attract to a greater extent customers. The cost of the computer was hypothetical to be $600 the final price harmonise to the some varied companies. though this is advantageous to the customers, it expertness cede next implications. afterward all the other companies are eliminated from the market, diddle follow result charge senior high prices due to their monopolistic power. merchandising system allows an organization to air its resources on the optimal opportunities unattached (Varadarajan, 2010 p.119). The beat back is to fulfil sustainable agonistical advantage and add gross gross sales. flirt smart set should find a germane(predicate) and businesslike merchandising schema that volition extend to sales increment and beat a privat e-enterprise(a) advantage. Marketers need to ask merchandise experience and how to segment their markets for potent operations and punter customer relations. expect Company should learn other shipway of attracting customers alternatively than cut back their prices infra the market price. This testament force a thriving environment and annex their profits. They should use selling trust such as market communication. This involves activities such as advertising, sales promotion, personalised exchange and public relations. This exit alter them to step-up their sales finished make to a greater extent customers both the alert and electromotive force customers. They should sub-divide their market into polished dirigible portions that lead get to their capability customers. They sight fall upon this through use of diffusion carry and agents turn up in polar areas. They should in like manner strain on micro-environment to ensure that they bring out bre ak up customer relationship and halcyon competition. dispersal carry should also be compound to alleviate pane of goods both to the market and consumer premises. another(prenominal) chargeing is on consumer demeanor. This is very essential as the marketer has to read the consumer behavior and how it potful be influenced. They should focus on dissonance-reducing buying behavior. This will help consumers to place different brands of their goods for strong buying. In their market mix, they should ameliorate the flavour of their products, piss check pricing strategy, and rear distribution transmit and their trade communicationsReferencesBlythe, J. (2009). learn concepts in merchandise. Los Angeles, Calif. SAGE.Blythe, J. (2013). Consumer conduct (2. ed.). Los Angeles, Calif. capital of the United Kingdom SAGE.Fox, S. C. (2009). E-riches 2.0 next-generation merchandising strategies for making millions online. newfound York American precaution Association.Richter , T. (2010).Marketing mix normalization in international trade an experiential investigation of the floor of marketing programmestandardisation in German companies and its intimate and immaterial correlates. capital of Kentucky am briny peckerwood Lang.Solomon, M. R. (2011). Consumer behaviour a European emplacement (3rd ed.). Harlow, England pecuniary measure/scholar Hall.Weinstein, A. (2012). enchiridion of market division strategical targeting for business and technology firms (3rd ed.). crude York Haworth Press.Zwick, D. (2011). inner(a) marketing practices, ideologies, devices. Oxford England Oxford University Press. consultation history

According to case study...calculate data then analysis it about Essay

gibe to case study...calculate selective nurture then synopsis it approximately impertinent exchange merchandise - Essay precedentMy paper discusses close to political risks, the implications, rules of paygrade of stock, and risks associated with buying a tune.Peterson Valve Company is concerned in Milagrol LTDA because he thought of diversifying its trading operations glob in all(a)y and to derive admission charge to processes that would be costly to develop. Milagrol LTDA indispensable the capital to retain research and reading to draw out the work and they believed in venturing into a merger to be able to dole out the research to expand the championship. Milagrol was an already ceremonious club and had its grant value in the market so Peterson did not turn in to start from bob up to develop the companion.In buying a logical argument an investor has to run into that they have access to all grievous information about the company universe bought, this w ay they sens assess the latent risks associated with buying it and the signifi pilet value of the business (Juha, 2008). Accessing all information of the company involves checking all the dimensions of the business such(prenominal)(prenominal) as pecuniary performance, legal and tax revenue compliance, contracts, property and rights and all assets and liabilities within a specified dot of time (Miller, 1992). any(prenominal) of the risks involved implicate changes in the stigmatization of the company. These information lead be crucial in reservation the buying finale and also servicing the values in reaching to a final method of stock valuation. The customers of Milagrol LTDA whitethorn have problems with a change in the heed. Smart accountants locoweed hide items such as debts of the company from the balance tatter and some of the expenses from the income tale hence getting a business with accumulated debts. insure the possibility of transferring losses from th e old company to the newly acquired business, the come of moving the business assets allows the newly acquired management to differentiate assets that they can develop from unyielding term and get around term losses.

The Missouri Compromise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Missouri Compromise - Research Paper ExampleSlavery was a system in which the sable men were compelled to live under the command of their masters. Slaves were not paid for their work and they were not permitted to learn to read and write. They were punished harshly for even sm every mistakes and their career was full of sorrow and misery. The clash between the supporters of the knuckle downholding system and the anti thralldom faction in the United States reached its peak and in 1920 an agreement has been do between these two governmental groups in admitting the Missourian district to be a part of the United States by giving the status of a slave aver. This is termed as the Missouri compromise. The growth of Missouri as a State Missouri was a territory purchased by the United States from France in1803. It was a part of the Louisiana territory which was under the French rule and the laws were supporting slavery in this region and she experienced the migration of slave owne rs from Southern States and from other provinces of Louisiana. Missourians started demanding for the formation of a new state and an entry in to the Union by 1818. During 1870s the Northern states started the exclusion of slavery and the northern lawmakers despised the growth of slavery in other states like Missouri. that the consideration of the plan to grand statehood and an entrance for Missouri to the union raised arguments among the representatives and senators in the congress. Missouri already had more than 2000 slaves and majority of the people demanded the continuation of slavery system but the Northerners were afraid of the spread of slaves to the other states of the union. In 1820 Missouri became the part of the United States with the status of a slave state. It was primarily a political struggle that followed for two years but the evils of slavery were fully considered in the course of discussion1. Beginning of the debate Congress failed to admit the Missourian statehood in 1818 and a endorse attempt has been made by Tallmadge to change the bill in 1819 who was not at all a supporter of slavery and recommended the formation of a slave free Missouri by adding two clauses to prevent the entry of new slaves to the state and to free the children of the slaves when they become adults. These two clauses paved way for debates among the Lawmakers. Tallmadge never pass judgment the congress to accept suggestions but expected to have produced moral effects which will eventually (save) our beloved country from disgrace and danger2. Northerners never back up slavery and the system of considering human beings as property consequently, they recommended not permitting the slaves of the new state to vote if slavery is allowed there. It was the constitutional duty of the Congress to ensure republican rule in its newly formed states. A few of the lawmakers were not in favour of the abolition of slavery from the existing states but they argued for the removal of s lavery from the newly formed states. They were afraid of the spread of slaves to other areas of the Union especially to the Free states which would result in political weakening. Southerners, who were in favour of slavery, opposed all these arguments. They suggested that freedom could be given to the state to take decision over slavery. There were so many ideological factors which separated the southerners and northerners and slavery was one and the for the first time among them. Their interests and needs were different. Northerners supported laws which could help production and foreign trade whereas

Female Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Female Economy - Essay ExampleResearch suggests that private wealth in America is most likely to explicate by sixty percent in the year 2020 (Silverstein & Sayre, 48, 2009). It also suggests that fifty percent of this wealth would go to women. Although women have contributed positively in several fields, tho they experience discrimination and are lots underestimated. They are often labeled, differentiated on basis of age or salary, characterized on basis of typical women purpose or are inept as compared to men. This paper seeks to analyze the issue of gender differentiation and discrimination in the business domain in the lights of panoptic and diverse academic resources.Frequently, women are discriminated and often underestimated because of several reasons including chauvinist viewpoints, opposing and clashing policies, stereotyped, discrimination on basis of age, etc. Frequently, they are considered to be incompetent as compared to their male counterparts. Research suggests t hat in financial institutions, women are most likely to experience such characterizations and differentiations (Silverstein & Sayre, 52, 2009).Females in the financial industry and its institutions have do massive attempts and struggles in order to advance in their careers. However, it should be noted that women in the financial domain have the necessary education as swell as the experience, yet they do not get promotions because of constant stereotype, labeling and the general culture of the corporate. Research suggests that women employed in financial operate are often underestimated and their supervisors and colleagues often talk to them as if they do not have the basic knowledge on the subject. Company ProfileDresdner Kleinwort was founded in the year 1995. During this time, Kleinwort Benson had been acquired by the Dresdner Bank. Additionally, it gained spheric recognition by means of the acquisition of the US investment bank Wasserstein Perella in the year 2001 (Chris slip awayher, 107, 2010). Its branch in Frankfurt has been successful in inauguration of trade in emission credits (Christopher, 107, 2010). However, in the year 2008, the company experienced downfall when its Mergers and Acquisition Department was shut in the year 2008 by Commerzbank. In the year 2009, its office in Japan was shut down. The management of Commerzbank asserted that no additional benefits or bonuses would be given to the Commerzbank group including Dresdner Kleinwort (Christopher, 108, 2010). In the year 2010, six female employees of Dresdner Kleinwort filed a case against the investment bank because of gender discrimination and differentiation. The case was filed because they did not receive promotions and their pay was less as compared to their male counterparts. The case was filed because its female employees were treated as second-class workers. A study conducted in United States demonstrated that more than seventy percent of top management positions were occupied by white males in finance and banking industry. AnalysisEnvironmentDresdner Kleinwort is considered to be a medium sized banking firm, which offers several diverse services and products related to finance. The services which it provides include capital market products, foreign exchange derivatives and options, loans, collateralized

Financial Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Re denotation Management - Essay ExampleWith the aid of trade goods are made available to consumers at the time of their need. It removes the hindrance of persons by bringing together producers and consumers who are widely scattered.Financing is of two types, faithfulness financial support and debt financing. When you are in need of money or looking for capital, companys debt-to-equity-ratio should be considered. It is the relations between the Dollars or Euros that an entrepreneur has borrowed and Dollars or Euros invested in the business. The more than the investment by the owners the more they attract the financing.When the equity to debt ratio of the quick is high then debt financing should be taken. If the proportion of the debt to equity ratio of the firm is high then it is advised that the owners should increase their equity investment, that way they cannot jeopardize firms survival.Limited equity financing is used by most of the small or growth stage businesses . Whereas in debt financing, funds pour in from different quarters like from friends, relatives, etcetera Venture capitalists are the most common source of equity funding. Venture capitalists may be institutional take chances takers, financial institutions, wealthy persons, etc. and most of them specialize in industries. Venture capitalists are risk takers and show interest only in three to five year old companies that result in more than average profits. These venture capitalists are called as investment gurus whose interest lies in those companies that have major regional and national concerns. Debt FinancingCommercial finance companies, financial institutions, banks, savings and loans, Lloyds Bank small business, etc. are some of the sources for debt financing. Because of their positive impact on the whole economy local and state government encourage the growth of the small companies. In debt financing additional funds comes from friends, family, relatives, and industry colleag ues, etc when capital investment is smaller.Generally banks formed as a major source for loans for the establishment of small businesses. Banks dont offer spacious term loans to small firms instead they grant short term loans for machinery and

Special Interest Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Special Interest Story - Essay Examplect also weathers the name ObamaCare 2010, and it is an implemented health care policy that looks forward to drive the American health care system into the public sphere. This means that the motive system of private the health care system transforms towards a public system under the drive of the government. At this point the government leave alone bear the obligation of running and financing the entire health care system. This Health Care policy became law on March 2010 through president Obamas approval. The introduction of this Act has triggered vast debates form analysts who differ in positive and positive effects that will be inflicted by the Act to the bulk of US and to the countrys economy (ObamaCare Facts 1).Among the pros exhibited by the Act is that it will positively improve the lives of American citizens by granting affordable health care services to people who previously lacked the privilege of affording medical examination care du e to their low social status. The Act will also initiate laws that ensure adult children of ages up to 26 acquire affordable Medicare services under their parents policies (Cannon 1). Moreover, the Act enhances improvements in care delivery and payment system by ensuring that each American citizen possesses a medical insurance. The Act will also foresee that the government monitors medical insurance companies thus, ensuring that patients with pre-existing conditions do not undergo oppression from insurers who force them to pay lofty premiums (Cannon 1). In addition, women will acquire the most privilege because the Act allows them to access free health care services and visits from social health care workers. prior to the fore-mentioned advantages, other analysts seem to disagree with the presented facts that greatly benefits the American citizens irrespective of their social status. These opposing analysts argue that in order for the government to acquire the money that will insur e billions of Americans, it will inflict new taxes to

Stem cell research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stem jail cell - Research Paper ExampleHowever, in an embryo that is developing, chaff cells terminate differentiate into a coarse moment of specialized cells and may maintain the normal output of those organs, which regenerate such as logical argument and skin. The main difference between stem cells and other cells in the body is the fact that they atomic number 18 able to differentiate into other types of cells or tissues. This ability allows them to replace the cells that have died, moreover, this has been used by scientists to replace those cells that argon defective in patients who have diseases and effects that cannot be effectively cured by other forms of medicine (Dresser 181). Scientists believe that stem cells, from which all other types of cells can grow, will help cure Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, diabetes, spinal injuries, congestive heart failure and other maladies (Kelley). The usage of stem cells, especially embryonic stem cells in the cure of disea ses such as Parkinsons disease has come to breed a lot of controversy, and there has been a great deal of support for those who are for it and for those who are against it. There are different types of stem cells andmany different terms have been used to describe them, and these descriptions tend to come from the area of the body or the state of development from which they have come. Among the different stem cell forms are the following tissue stem cells, fetal stem cells, cord breed stem cells, embryonic stem cells and finally, induced pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, many adult stem cells can substitute cells that die or restore tissues that have been damaged in injuries and such adult tissues as skin and muscle have their own stem cells, and in the bone marrow, blood-forming stem cells help in the production of blood cells. It is yet to be finalized whether all organs have stem cells and it can, therefore, be said that the term adult stem cells is used very in general and ma y contain other categories of stem cells, which are not necessarily found in adults. There are certain accepted stem cell therapies in the medical field, which require the use of stem cells, which are tissue specific. These tissue stemcells used in these therapies include the bone marrow and cord blood stem cell transplantation, which treat diseases related to blood or the restoration of blood after treatments of such conditions as cancer. In this situation, the tissue stem cells are used to mend the parts of the body from which these cells came. Another adult stem cell type is the mesenchymal stem cells, which are found in a number of tissues, and they are speculated to be able to convey bone, cartilage, and fat (Siegel 215). This has yet to be proven for human beings, but there is ongoing research on animals to determine whether these cells can be used to treat such conditions as bone fractures that do not normally heal. In addition, there is a possibility that these cells or cel ls that are similar to them play a role in altering the immune system in response to injury. Fetal stem cells are those, whichare interpreted from the fetus, which is a developing baby that has gone approximately ten weeks into gestation. The majority of the tissues in the fetus include cells that can help in the swift reaping and maturity of organs and are extremely much like adult stem cells, which are often tissue specific. The fetus stem cells often produce the cell types that are mature inside the organ from which they were

Answers question based on case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answers question based on - Case Study ExampleCard is done using digital signatures that accurately verifies whether a genuine user has an existing electronic document (Farhoomand & McCauley, 2008, p. 6).TradeCard is very strict never to disclose private information, confidential transaction data, or business details to immaterial parties without permission from the users. Members personal identifiable information and confidential transaction data are only shared with other participating business partners and with TradeCards confederation partners. TradeCard uses a Global secure site that ensures the client browsers are highly confidential. The server certificates in this site have a strong (a 128-bit) encryption on all transactions between a clients browser and TradeCard system servers (Farhoomand & McCauley, 2008, p. 7).Data integrity in any transaction is very of the essence(p) to people involved. That is the reason TradeCard system provides a high-level of assurance that unau thorized person cannot alter any data in a transaction. Digital signatures treasure integrity of users documents in the system. The Global site system can prove the integrity of a document in future by passing the document information and public key into a digital signature cheque algorithm. In case of any type of data manipulation, the verification process will be unsuccessful (Farhoomand & McCauley, 2008, p. 11).In its effort to provide secure means of conducting global transactions, beside from the strict application procedures and verifications followed via Thomas Cook and Coface, TradeCard has created a complex security system. The architecture of the system has three built levels of security these are, 2-factor user authentication, server authentication, and digital signaturesThe Global Secure Site Certificate secures TradeCard system, where by the Secure site ID ensures the users browser is encrypted with the communications encryption of 128 bit for US web browser and 40 bi t for an exportable weave browser. Each

Project Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project Management - Research Paper ExampleThe process of spew peril depth psychology is a subjective assessment that is based on the probability of failure to realize the set scheme objectives within the given time framework and resources allocated (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). The risk can occur during the inception, information, and finishing or implementation stage of the throw. Briargrove must therefore consider performing an in-depth risk analysis in order to turn up the possible challenges that may hinder the success of the information system organic evolution, for the placement of necessary measures to ensure that the project is a success (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). The information outgrowth project involves three types of risks, that is, known risks, known risks with unknown consequences, and known risks. Known risks are well known to the project development team members and have a game probability of occurrence. ... Unclear definition of project goals, as from the st art of the project, is likely to hinder the success of the project in the long run (Cox, 2009). There is a possible risk in poor definition of the project size, which is likely to take the project in the wrong direction and interfere with the time limit. The project plan must be clearly defined for clarity and scheduling within the specified time limit. Risks can be either internal or external, with internal risks being dependent on the team members, project nature, and available resources, whereas external risks entail legal or political influence of the project (Cox, 2009). Briargrove development team must be well aware of the current economic trends in budgeting for the project to ensure that the available resources are well allocated and evenly distributed throughout the project life cycle (Cox, 2009). Poor budgeting and resource allocation is fatal to the project in the case where the resources diminish before the project is completed, and there is omit of alternative source o f money and other resources (Cox, 2009). The development tools to be used in the system development must be well-known to each of the development team members, and hence the selection of the team members must be a representation of diverse experience levels in the information development life cycle, which reduces the chances of project failure (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). Briargrove development team members must choose and agree on a suitable size and the complexity of the project for proper uninterrupted development cycle, which eliminates the possibility of time limit expiry that may require an addition of more time and resources (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). Briargrove must also identify probable hazards, potentially bruising phenomena or

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 29

Response - Essay ExampleIn the university entry tests many students fail to get in because the quota organization save picks out the dress hat ones in each province.Chris Buckley seems to be a bit biased in his report by comparing only Henan with big cities like Shanghai and Beijing. The devil major cities had started to progress far earlier than any other cities and gave rise to major didacticsal hubs so comparing a countryside to a major urban development that began years ago seems to come out as a very one sided undertone. There are other provinces and cities in China where education might be on equal levels with the two urban areas mentioned. There is no denying the fact that inequality does persist in China because the regime officials persist to focus more on the urban areas than on the rural ones but keeping in mind the geography of the land it is hard to focus on any issue without keeping in mind the background of the country and the phases that it went through to atta in the position in the world it enjoys today. The federal government does chip in the tendency to lose sight of the issues of the sort because there is so much more to focus on in China but the regional government should not only put Henan in the spotlight of the educational injustice rather put in every other province that faces the problem of quota system educational place allotment. There needs to be a proper report that not only focuses on the province of Henan during gaokao but also other provinces that feel deprived of equal education opportunities.In conclusion, the writer does remain firm on the ground that many Chinese students prefer going overseas for education because the gaokao system makes it hard for them to get in good universities and attain an educational degree of good standards but then again, the news report only talked about Henan when it could have talked about other provinces that feel neglected in the backdrop of the article.

African studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

African studies - Essay ExampleAs a result, it is necessary to give a elaborated discussion of the antediluvian patriarch art, agriculture, and myths of the Egyptians. In the past centuries, Egyptians engaged in diverse agricultural activities ranging from crop farming to animal keeping. Equally, this country had numerous creative and expert artists, who used their skills appropriately to promote religious activities and impact positively on lives of their compatriots. Moreover, Egyptians had numerous myths explaining philosophical questions such as origin and creation of man and the universe. They as well shaped peoples opinions and promoted peaceful coexistence among the Egyptians. All these ancient cultural practices of the Egyptians promoted peaceful coexistence and survival of many people in the community.Ancient art was an significant practice among the Egyptians. These people used art to express their thoughts and perception creatively on various things in life. In addit ion, Egyptians artists were keen observers, and as a result, ancient Egyptian art was characterized by a combination of geometric regularity. The artists paintings and carvings were a representation of the various figure in the community. Moreover, artists also depicted numerous rudiments of their lives through their artwork. According to Kaplan (2004), most artists drew or painted different pictures ranging from hunting scenes in the community to farming practices. Equally, other artists in Egypt painted various scenes on pottery vessels and herds of cattle in the early times. These artworks mainly reflected the prehistoric Egyptian lifestyle and economic activities in the community. In the current society, such drawings arouse enabled numerous people learn and appreciate the Egyptian culture and practices in the previous centuries.In addition, ancient Egyptian art promoted unity and peaceful coexistence in the society. Artists worked as a group and maintained

Private and public management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Private and public wipe outment - Essay ExampleHowever, public management involves managing full of life infrastructure which directly disturbs quality of public life. In fact, in many cases, huge government spending on public management, relying on the estimates given by public managers leads to create interest conflicts and violets ethical guidelines to a great magnitude (Boyne 97-122). Private management refers to a situation where responsibilities are delegated to some hush-hush organizations to manage and control certain areas of operate such as schools and hospitals. In this paper, the operational efficiencies created by private and public management will be analyzed. To understand the possibleness better, the functioning of the publicly funded health care system, National wellness Service (NHS), will be evaluated in the light of management differences in public and private sector.As mentioned earlier, National Health Service is a publicly funded health care unit based in the countries of United Kingdom. The healthcare system is mainly funded through the tax collected by the nation centrally. National Health Service is aimed at providing wide array of healthcare services among which most of the services are not chargeable for the legal residents of the United Kingdom. The services of NHS are categorized under iv discrete systems such as National Health Service (England), Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales. These four systems are generally different and independent of each other in cost of management, regulations and political accountability. However, the basic functions are performed on a regular basis, as regulated by the UK Department of Health. Healthcare services provided through all these four segments are denominated under the NHS only the unit provides services in England, is officially called National Health Service. Nevertheless, no

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Case Study - Assignment ExampleSecond priority should be given to children as they stand a higher chance of survival. Moreover, they have a lot to achieve in life as compared to elderly who may as tumesce not survive even later on the vaccine.On personal reflection, caring for a patient diagnosed with HIV can be of significant challenge. Even after the patient has been found positive for the disease, the patient might not want the information disclosed to the family. On the other hand, the family faces a great risk as it is easier to contracting the disease during the nursing period from the patient. This brings a great fight between code of ethics and personal conscience or compassion. The patients confidentiality is important but with utilitarianism, defying the code of ethics is what will bring the great good for the majority. The patient needs to be convinced that making the condition know to family will be of great benefit to all of them. This will help the patient get appropr iate care. It will also assist the family stay

Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Advertising - Essay ExampleIn excess, advertising helps in the branding of a product in that it identifies the distinct traits of the manufacturer of the product from the another(prenominal) manufacturers. In effect, it helps to emphasize the brand to which a consumer associates with the product (Trehan 67). It also serves as an informational tool as the price of the product whitethorn sometimes reflect in the advertisement. In other instances, an advertisement also serves as an assurance to employees and the company shareholders that the company is in time operational. Usually, sponsors pay adverts to run on various media tools, which may be either audio or visual depending with the sponsor preference. They are mainly for commercial purposes as they seek to brand products and avails through repetitive showing of an image or product name in their showing. Through the repetition, the consumer is able to familiarize him or herself with the qualities of a product or service through t he advert. In contrast, some advertisements may be non-commercial in that their intention is not make any earnings but just passing information. Mainly, political parties, faith based and non-governmental organizations explore these commercials by spending money to air them as a public service announcement. In essence, this paper will examine an advertisement placed on a popular magazine to bring out its effectiveness in achieving an expect wider market base. How the advertisement functions This product is new to the market. Therefore, this advertisement serves as an introductory approach to the consumer. It gives the product name and an appealing design that instantly attracts the eye. The colors apply also reflect the sophistication in that the product is of high quality. Essential, an advertisement can appeal to a consumer in two ways. For one, the information given may have a rational appeal in that it reflects the quality of the product (Trehan 226). This may be in terms of i ts durability, great performance, and affordability of the product and its location. On the other hand, the product information given in the advert may have an emotional appeal in that it gives a sense of assurance, pride, customer satisfaction levels, and its placeable ability in the market (Trehan 118). For instance, this advertisement gives the emotional appeal to the market as it portrays all the above-mentioned qualities. In addition, this advertisement has the fear appeal in that it portrays the consequences of not using this product, which would be to go to a dentist (Trehan133). This evokes fear to the readers, thus, they have no option but to buy the product. How the constitutive elements combine to separate out to sell the product There has been effective color use to try to draw the attention of the reader into taking notice of the advert. Essentially, when dull colors affect centre stage the chances of the advert making impact are very low. In addition, the advert por trays the image of the product that is available for retail. Therefore, the reader is able to bushel to the products appearance. This will be helpful when they go to buy the product, as they will be able to spot it in a retentions shelf. Additionally, the wording involved is one that cannot escape ones eye, as they are readable and clear. They are visible enough from a outer space thus a reader needs not strain to capture what the advert is trying to sell. Moreover, it is the giving of the location where the product is available at makes it prosperous for the intended consumer to know where to get it. As an additional element, the advert gives all the good attributes associated with the use of their product, which draws a

The Bacchae of Euripides Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Bacchae of Euripides - Essay ExampleDionysius was the son of the supreme deity, Zeus, and a Theban princess, Semele. His delivery was extraordinary and Semeles sisters had propagated the lie that Zeus was not the father of Dionysius. Pentheus, being the king of Thebes, had barred god Dionysius from all traditional public rites. Dionysius plans to title his lineage and reclaim his reverence as a god among the Greeks. The god assumes the form of a human being and travels to Thebes, where he practices his rites with his followers, the Bacchae. Pentheus directs the arrest of Dionysius, yet in lengthy dialogues, the god, while disguised as a human persuades Pentheus to mask himself as a woman and go witness the rites of Bacchae, the followers of Dionysius in the mountains (Bloom 39). The uninstructed Pentheus climbs a pine tree better scrutinize the rites. Once in the tree, Dionysius resounding voice directs the maenads to behold the man who repudiated their god and derided their ri tes, and orders them to punish the intruder. The gods voice sends the maenads into frenzy. Seeing Pentheus in the tree, they become possessed, thinking he is a mountain lion. With Agave, the mother of Pentheus, leading them, the maenads encircle the tree, bring it down with their hands and fare upon Pentheus with ferocity (Bloom 40). Pentheus takes out his headdress in the hope that his mother could recognize him, but to no avail. He is dismembered limb by limb, first by his mother, whence by all the maniacal maenads. Out of her senses, his mother tears Pentheus head off, believing it is the cranium of a lion, and jazzes exultantly around the countryside. After a sorry realization scene where she recognizes she has slain her own son, Agave and the other are banished (Bloom 41). The students performance gives the consultation the opportunity to experience the power of the Dionysian experience without having to buzz off what Pentheus, Agave and others suffer. They succeed in tran sforming the meta-tragedy of the story into the sacrificial ritual drama. They successfully take the audience into the world of metaphysical depicted by the freeing of the domain by the death of Pentheus. The students create an excellent illusion tragedy as they gatherk to convey the message of the play, which causes the audience to lose themselves as they give in to the deeper sense of their selves. The actors also bring out the authors intention very well their performance does not obliterate the textuality of the drama. The actors particularly excel in demonstrating the Dionysus interjection through use of the force and value of ambivalent monosyllable. The students also portray the alienation effect well. The appearance of the gods on the stage helps to create perfective stage epiphany. From the audiences perspective, these appearances have no referential aspects of meaning, because the way in which god speaks his opening remarks or seems as deus ex machina on the tragical s tage, does not infer in any way the manner in which divinities could be perceived in the reality outside the theatre. The audience does not see the theatrical representation of a religious experience, an epiphany, but decodes the code in strict narrative terms. The acting tries to retell the story but as an audience one can feel that there is something more than a story. There is a meaning, or a riddle, which one must try, to some extent, to understand. Nevertheless, the actors should improve on

Suicidal messages Essay Example for Free

Suicidal messages EssayHowalways, the early 2000s werent as kind to Carey. After signing an 80-million-dollar deal in 2001 with unadulterated the biggest record contract ever she experienced a precise public personal and professional meltdown that included rambling suicidal messages on her website an appearance on TRL where, clad exclusively in a T-shirt, she handed out Popsicles to the audience and last but not least, the poorly received movie Glitter and its attendant soundtrack (which was also her Virgin Records debut).Both the film and the record album did poorly critically as well as commercially, with Glitter making just under four million dollars in its total U. S. gross and the soundtrack struggling to make gold sales (Johnson, 2001). Following these setbacks, Virgin and Carey parted ways early in 2002, with the label paying her 28 million dollars. That spring, she found a new home with Island/Def Jam, where she set up her own label, MonarC Music. In December, she released her ninth album, Charmbracelet, which failed to become a success. The license of MimiAfter more(prenominal) than a decade of prepares that include the staggering success of 15 1 singles, Carey released her most revealing album to date, The Emancipation of Mimi, in April of 2005. Entirely written and co-produced by the gifted Carey, her tenth studio album is an intimate portrayal of both the challenges and successes that she experienced during her rise to unparalleled fame. Carey explains the inspiration behind her new album, With this album, I am embracing my independence and celebrating the person that I have become.Over the years, I have evolved into a better person and an even better artist. For the first clock in my life, I am proud and unafraid to be who I really am, and thats what the music of this album and its title reflect. By naming my album The Emancipation of Mimi andreferencing Mimi a nickname only used by those closest to me, I am inviting my fans into my life. A brilliant artist who has co-written every song on separately of her albums since 1990, Mariah Carey has consistently shown her willingness to express herself both as a remarkable vocalist and an acclaimed songwriter.The Emancipation of Mimi offers more than a glimpse into Mariahs world featuring tunes like the heartfelt Circles and zap Like a Bird, with their positive messages of affirmation and hope. While being honest and vulnerable in expressing her emotions through songs like I Wish You Knew and Joyride, Mariah leaves no uncertainnessfulness that she is a woman who speaks her mind. The infectious, edgy Its Like That, co-produced by Jermaine Dupri is the albums first hit single and a definitive statement of where Mariah stands at this point in her life, and is her prompt climbing single in five years.At Present On April 15, 2008, Mariah released her latest album, entitled Touch My Body. Already well acclaimed by the critics, the album serves as a culmination of the fact that Mariah Carey is indeed back and better than ever. She has put all of her past ordeals behind, as is now just looking to muscularity through with her ever increasing success. With Touch My Body as a number one hit, she overtook Elvis Pressly as having the most number one hit singles of all time. Truly, this was a sign of good things to come for the very talented singer and song writer.During the month of May, Mariah Carey married actor Nick hit in what was considered as one of the biggest shockers of the year. Cannon, who was more than a decade younger than Carey, is considered by many to be perhaps the luckiest man, with Mariah Carey estimated to worth tens of millions of dollars. Many doubt their marriage as a publicity stunt, but the couple has presented themselves to be well into their marriage. But only time will tell whether this marriage is reinforced to last, or Cannon will be just another chapter in Mariah Careys roller coaster life.Charitable Works Apart from he r musical achievements, Mariah Careys depth of person stems from her hunch forward and support of children in need evident through her continuous exponentiation in a host of charities dedicated to ensuring their happiness and well being. Mariah is devoted to such(prenominal) charities as The Make-A-Wish Foundation, The Fresh Air Fund, Save the Music, and The National Adoption Center to name a few. With an unwavering effort through appearances, concerts, and donations to these organizations, Mariah has raised millions of dollars.Her generous involvement and on-going support of the Fresh Air Fund resulted in Camp Mariah, the funds first camp named in honor of an individual. Conclusion To conclude, Mariah Carey has indeed had a very colorful career since she broke into the music scene almost twenty years ago. She has proven time and time again that she is here to stay, and have weather-beaten all the trials that have been thrown at her. With a voice that is unmatched and a song writ ing skill that is rare these days, Mariah has been able to reinvent herself in each single and keep her sound fresh for her fans.Of all the successes and failures that she has experienced, one thing is for certain Mariah is not going to go down easily, and she will expect atop the charts until someone takes the throne away from her.ReferencesMariah Carey Awards (2008). IMDb. com. Retrieved 30 May 2008 from http//www. imdb. com/name/nm0001014/awards Mariah Carey Biography (2008). IMDb. com. Retrieved 30 May 2008 from http//www. imdb. com/name/nm0001014/bio Johnson, Kevin C (2001). Mariah Careys New Glitter Is a Far Cry from Golden. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. F. 5.

Free

Free Will Philosophy EssayI potently believe that W. T. Stace is correct while arguing for the view of ticklish determinism, also known as compatibilism. Stace believes in compatibilism, which states that determinism is true, but free will still does exist. He puts both views in concert by studying the definition of free will. Stace asks, How can anyone be punished or rewarded for his or her actions if they have no control all over their actions? That statement seemed extremely convincing to me because both dHolbach and Chisholm supported one side of the argument. dHolbach and Chisholm argued that we are either strictly determined by the laws of spirit and physics or that we are not determined, rather being we have the power to do as we choose. Stace on the other hand, put both positions together and made them work together. He explained that the laws of nature and physics do have an impact on our choices, but we do have the ability to choose what we deprivation to choose w hen making a decision.Outside forces may push on our decision, but we are the ones responsible for choosing what we want to choose. He persuasively defends his view of soft determinism by explaining the definition of free will. He states, In order for one to define free will, one must look into how the phrase is commonly used. The focus a philosopher interprets free will is different than the way a common person will do so.Stace defines free acts as acts that are directly caused by a persons internal thoughts or desires coming directly from the person. Not free acts are those that have outside forces pushing a person to do something a certain way such as a threat or harm. This was very different from what other philosophers have stated in the past. By providing examples of free will, Stace points out that free will clearly does exist. It wouldnt make sense for free will not to exist since it is compatible with determinism.

Multicultural competency Essay Example for Free

Multicultural competency EssayMulticultural competency is indeed an essential tool necessary in dealing with clients who have different races, perceptions and cultures. Having this skill will be of a great advantage in the progress of counselling sessions. Moreover, according to Pedersen, multiculturalism is a wide range of multiple groups without grading, comparing, or ranking them as better or worse than champion another and without denying the very distinct and complementary or even contradictory perspectives that each group brings with it (1991, p.4). To effectively handle multiculturalism situations in counselling, counselors must develop different levels of awareness which are the following self-awareness, awareness of ones own culture, awareness of racism, sexism and poverty, awareness of individual differences, awareness of other cultures and awareness of diversity. More so, to be successful in obtaining multicultural competency, counselors must besides be aware of d ifferent theories and specific counselling practices.But the most important point to remember is that counselors must first build on a sense of worth for their respective cultural backgrounds before they can start understanding other cultures (Locke, 1986, pp. 119-137). Response to Post No. 2 Jennifer Weeks Among the three weaknesses mentioned by the counselor, I think that the problem on terminating an interview with a client is the counselors main problem. In any session, I think era is of the essence.Clients pay the counselors per hour so they should get their moneys worth for very second that they sp revoke with their counselors. In line with this, counselors should develop a taxonomical way of establishing client-counselor relationship and at the same time effectively and quickly resolving the issues of the clients in order to maximize the time allotted for the sesssion. Also, counselors should learn how to end the interview without being rude or impolite.This can be done by setting up a timeline for the session and preparing fillers which will be utilize to divert the flow of the conversation if it gets beyond the timeline or the focus for that specific session.ReferencesLocke, D. C. (1990). A not so provincial view of multicultural counseling. Counselor learning and Supervision, 30, 18-25. Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Introduction to the special issue on multiculturalism as a fourth force in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 4.

Data Gaps And Limitations Environmental Sciences Essay

Data Gaps And Limitations Environmental Sciences EssayAn extensive grade history and description of the Trimpell Middleton petrochemical site has been put forward and au and soticated in the signifier I site investigations carried out for Environmental Agency and documented in the Atkins scoping study.This historic site is fit(p) to the North and West of Middleton and positioned on National Grid with reference SD420590 (Semple, 2013 as cited in Atkins, 2000). It is about 2km south-east of Heysham and occupies an expanse of 116 hectare. The site was built and managed as a joint project betwixt Trinidad Lake Asphalt, Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and Shell to produce aviation provide during the World War II after which it was closed poor-spirited in 1945 (CSM). It became useable over again in 1948 under the ownership of Shell and ICI with a reform in its proceeds techniques and with the introduction of new chemicals (CSM). The principal(prenominal) refinery operations and chemical productions closed down in the 1970s and the site became derelict and has been decommissioned. The only finger prints observable in the site is the operations of SRM limited formerly Solrec Limited who are in to solvent refinery and recovery (CSM).The site is considered in two basic battlefields for the purpose of this cover. These are the Main Refinery arena (MRA) and Final Production Tank Farm (FPTF). The main refinery area includes only the land initially occupied by the refinery, located to the west of Middleton Road and an extension which is assumed not to have been occupied by the refinery. The Northern subroutine of the site was purchased by Solrec Limited in1975 while the Lancaster City Council has the ownership of the exchange and south-western parts (CSM).The Final Production Tank Farm (FPTF) is situated amongst the railway passageway to the east and Middleton road to the west and contains four giant tanks buried within the vicinity of supporting build ings and parts of the undeveloped land. At present, the Lancaster City Council is the known owner of the two retention tanks in the northern most part while the two other storage tanks and the remaining part of the FPTF in the furthermost south towards the railway passageway are thought to be owned by Middleton Business Park Ltd (CSM).SITE GEOLOGYThe site has its central part lying flat with a rising land to the east in the direction of Middleton Road and Trimpell Tip and to the west near Whittam Hill. The site is high in both the northern and southern parts compared to the central part which is low-lying with the furthermost southern part of the site having a lower topography than the central part (CSM). Over these years, the site topography and dry land elevation has changed because of dumping activities including inert drift materials in most parts of the site (CSM). This is documented in the report and was also observed during the site reconnaissance visit.PRODUCTION ACTIVI TIESIn the operational years of the refinery, gasoline was stored in tanks at the banks of Heysham and was conveyed to the tanks on Whittam Hill for refinery use. The conveyance relied on gravity and supported by the topography (CSM).The refinery operation stopped after the World War II and restarted in 1948 with the refinement of crude to produce gas oil, fuel oil, gasoline and butane (CSM). Sulphur was remove from the crude at the Hower Baker Plant possibly by renewing to hydrogen sulphide and absorbed into an alkaline source in the caustic soda plant (CSM). Knowledge of recovery of sulphur or the sulphide is lacking.The catalytic cracking process introduced sour water condensate which was likely to contain hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, phenol and some other hydrocarbons. Knowledge of the fate of the sour water produced is lacking. Mercaptan, an intermediate product would possibly have been removed by the use of sulphuric acid or sodium hydroxide during production of gasoline in a process of sweetening. This could be by conversion of mercaptan to disulphide (CSM).Ammonia was produced in the main refinery site in the ammonia stalls. Possible by-products of this process are coal tars and ammonia. Hydrogen used in ammonia production was produced in a water gas plant. The residues of this process were carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which were removed by brushing with caustic soda and injection with copper strong drink respectively. Methanol was produced and was stored in ICI product tanks thought to have been previously used to store petroleum. This manufacturing technique stopped and methane was produced by the addition of high temperature steam to waste oil obtained from Shell production activities.ICI went in to manufacturing of insulating display board after the war using isocyante process and asbestos was thought to have been used in the process. Insulation board production was continued by Kingspan Insulation and Coolag Limited after ICI left. Know ledge of their manufacturing details is lacking.Also within the vicinity of the site is Trimpell Tip where waste from the refinery and nitrates touch on such as incinerator residues, domestic and commercial waste, emfly combustible substances and inert materials were disposed.HIGHLIGHTS OF PHASE IThe process of contaminated land management as set forth in contaminated land report 11 (CLR II) falls within three paradigms. These are risk assessment, option appraisal and implementation of the remediation strategy. The course I investigation aims to define the purpose of the investigation, identify arrears of concern and to refine a preliminary conceptual site model using available tuition (CLR II). This is achieved by collating and evaluating desktop training, site reconnaissance survey and possibly interview from people who have historical or accredited information of the site. In doing this, all the information ga in that respectd would be packed to construct a conceptual sit e model that takes in to cognizance all contaminant sources, paths and receptors or potential receptors.The report documented in cast I investigation (CSM) has set areas of concern which is a major objective of the initial environmental site assessment. This includes the refinery area and the final production tank farm. The report makes known the historical sequence of events that have taken place in the site from agricultural use which preceded the refinery to its current derelict state. The report also describes the sites environmental setting including the topography and geology.DATA GAPS AND LIMITATIONSThe report from the scoping study of the phase I investigation provides basic information about the site including site history and description, geology and a range of production activities that took place at the site. However, there are un plasteredties and incompleteness on familiarity of certain historic activities and operations that took place at the site. The most pronou nced limitation in the site scoping study is the lack of knowledge of the precise locations where certain operational activities were carried and knowledge of the extent of pollution impacted on the site by reason of those activities. Report shows that some locations of historic facilities (structures) have been identified while some are yet to be traced. Example is the underground tanks whose locations are yet to be determined. Knowledge of some underground utilities is lacking such as piping and sewer system and consequently their pollution or contaminant linkage is not ascertained. Other notable information includesThe historic impact and manufacturing areas have been identified but there are lacking(p) information in the phase I report regarding the disposal and fate of most of the chemicals used in the manufacturing and processing operations.The areas of concern have been identified but contaminant sackings and migration mechanisms are yet to be determined.The site geology such as topographical features is known but knowledge of its hydrology, hydrogeology, drainage routes, direction of ground water flow is not known.Contaminants of concern have been identified but whether release has occurred at the areas of concern is yet to be identified.Information is lacking on the background concentrations of the site as this would be a parameter to consider during remediation processes.Because of the gap and limitations in information from the phase I report, the need arises to propose and develop a phase II site investigation and conceptual model which would be used to fill the missing gaps or information.OBJECTIVES OF PHASE IIThe purpose of phase II investigation is to pull together enough information to determine if release has occurred at to each one area of concern identified or not (CDEP, 2010). A release is established to have occurred if concentrations of contaminants of concern detected exceed the limits stated in the logical confidence protocol (CDE P, 2010). In this stage, consideration will be given to both environmental setting and potential receptors. The site scoping study shows a realizable presence of a wide array of contaminants generated from refinery or petrochemical operations, fertilizer works, railway haulage and asbestos manufacturing related process. The potential receptors of concern for these contaminants are humans, tool, flora, controlled waters and ecological receptors. From the phase I study, a issuance of signifi adviset pollution linkages have been identified with most of them being probable and possible pollution linkages. A complete pathway exists between contaminant sources and the site drainage (CSM). This pathway is complete through discharge of site surface water run-off to the Morecambe Bay which is the ecological receptor.The phase I report recognizes a probable signifi toilettet pollutant linkage through volatile electric arc, dust generation, direct contact to infrastructure, fauna and human health. Also, likely to exist is a significant linkage in which ground water or surface water could reach deeper groundwater in the aquifer.For the final production tank farm no significant pollution linkage was identified. Noteworthy that the tanks were sealed off during decommissioning and such suggests no significant linkage. However, a probable pollutant linkage has been demonstrated to exist between shallow groundwater and the site drainage system (CSM). There is probable existence of a pathway from groundwater and contaminated grime through dust generation, volatile emission and direct contact to infrastructure, fauna and human health.Table 1 List of possible contaminants to be found on the siteContaminantsClass of chemical fuel oil nativeGasolineOrganicButane gasOrganicPhenolOrganicPAHsOrganicCoal tarsOrganicNaphthaOrganicWaste oilOrganicAlcoholsOrganicEstersOrganicKetonesOrganicTolueneOrganicXyleneOrganicHexaneOrganicCellulose thinnerOrganicChlorinated SolventsOrganicSulp hurInorganicCaustic paInorganicAmmoniaInorganicMercaptansInorganicCopper LiquorInorganicSulphuric acidInorganicNitratesInorganicAsbestosInert materialsTable 2 abstract SITE MODEL AND PHASE II INVESTIGATIONIdentified Potential Areas of Concern (Potential Sources)Potential Release Mechanism (Potential Migration Pathway)Expected Release Locations Suitable for ingest and Analysis for Phase II Investigation.Underground storage tanksTank leaks, over fills, Piping, valve, and dispenser leaks.I) For probable tank leaks, the underlying soil at the edge of the tank and sidewall can be sampled.II) For over fills, sample collection should be underneath the tank or vent pipes at the low lying or by the colored area.II) For piping and valves, have should be along the pipes, pipe joints, and the vicinity of the valves.Underground waterLeaching, from the vadose zone through the fringe capillary in to the underground aquifer. have wells should be bore at the lowest lying area of the site, from t he site geology the central and southern parts are the lowest lying areas, so sampling should be carried out within that area. Permanent or temporary wells could be installed. A temporary well enables the detection of contaminant release while permanent well enables to monitor the ground water flow and the effects of season and tides on the fate of contaminants.Trimpell TipLeaks, degradation and leaching.Within, beneath, down face within the vicinity of the tip.Delivery and Loading areasSpills and leaksCracks on the asphalt or motor way reinforcement. If there are no basement where cracks could be found, then areas with sparse vegetation which are observable within the vicinity of concern.Fire service water damIt could be a reservoir or determine for an array of contaminants which seep into it. It can leach downwards or the degradation products may persist and can also be remobilized into the surrounding environment.Beneath, adjacent to the dam. legacy structure (building) which are fingerprints of the remaining in the site.Spills, volatile emission and depositions.Cracks on walls and floors, joints between the building roofing, wall and floors.Main refinerys drainage systemMigration, leaching to underground water.Underground water or soil core.Solrec LimitedRelease from solvent recovery and refinery plant. Spills and leaks.Soil within the vicinity of plant, water sample from the low lying terrain of the siteGasoline storage tanks on Whittam Hill.Leaks, spills from over fillsAdjacent and underlying soil.SAMPLING STRATEGYThe limitations and gaps of the phase I study suggest the need for more than site interrogation through sampling to ascertain the presence of contaminants at the areas of concern. The sampling approach to be used will be more direct found on the information that has been obtained from phase I on the particular areas of concern. In addition, the data calibre objective is very important in designing a sampling protocol needed to achieve sit e specific objectives.Ground waterThe identification of a probable pollutant linkage for ground water or surface water seepage into deeper groundwater necessitates a sampling protocol for groundwater. Besides, ground water sampling is an integrated sample which is interpreter of more spatial zone. This is because of effect of several environmental system including the unsaturated soil, capillary fringe and aquifer constituents on the underground water (USEPA, 1995).Table 3 Proposed sampling locations, number of soil samples and permanent monitoring wells to be installed for underground water sampling.Sampling LocationsNumber of samplesNumber of wellsWell depthMain Refinery Area21Final Production Tank Farm.21Up Gradient of the site (North).21Mid-point (Low lying Central Area)21Down gradient (South)21Solrec Recovery Plant Site11Slope down side of Timprell Tip.11Outside Area of Concern (Background sample)21The collection of samples at each of the designated area of concern should be cl ose enough to be representative of the area. Monitoring wells designed with screened intervals intercepting the saturated zone at the upper portion are suitable for assessing the occurrence of release to the ground water. Consideration of the site geology such as the length at which release is expected to occur, groundwater flow path and transport distinctions of the potential contaminant of concern should be made in advance sampling (USEPA, 1995). A single ground water sampling event may not be sufficient to establish a release, so ten-fold sampling or permanent wells are proposed for complementary purpose.With this strategic arrangement of bore holes, it would be possible to obtain ground water which could be interrogated for non-aqueous phase liquid, oily sheen and samples for laboratory analysis to know if there is organic or inorganic contaminants in the water sample. The observation of high or low pH solution would be suggestive to changes in natural status of the aquifer w hich could facilitate the mobilization of contaminants of concern.Soil Sampling and AnalysisA soil sampling program is being proposed having identified a probable significant pollutant linkage through volatile emission, dust generation, direct contact to human health, fauna and infrastructure. The object of this is to establish if there is a complete pathway for the source emission to reach the receptors. This would involve sampling and analysing core soil samples from designated target areas so as to better characterize the site. A technical bias or judgemental sampling would be used since information has been known about the areas of concern. Sampling can also be carried out for cracks on the walls of legacy structures present on site to reveal the presence of contaminants.Table 4 Proposed sampling locations, number of samples and sampling zones or depth.Sampling LocationsNo of SamplesCore depthMain Refinery Area3SurficialFinal Production Tank Farm.3Surficial and gross(a)Slope do wn side of Timprell Tip2Saturated zone.Gasoline storage tanks on Whittam Hill.2Surficial and Saturated zoneUnderground storage tanks2Saturated zoneOutside the area of concern (background sample)4Surficial and saturated zones.The surficial sample which be able to detect if a release has occurred or not but a saturated sample would be representative of an integrated sample affected by the environmental quality of enormous zones of unsaturated soil, capillary fringe and aquifer material. The analysis of the samples should be judgmental for cost effectiveness. Because the contaminants of concern have been identified in the preliminary site investigation, there would less need for a broad spectrum of analytical parameters instead analysis should be streamlined to the identified contaminants of concern which are mostly petroleum based organic contaminants and a few inorganics. Soil core samples can be observed for non-aqueous phase liquid in sample which usually have characteristic black dint. Detection of organic contaminants in the analysed samples above background concentration or within the reasonable confidence protocol would mean the empirical cheque that a release has occurred. Noteworthy that drilling fluid that could contaminate the well should not be used as not to have false positives and the environmental professional has to demonstrate that any contamination observed is not artificial but represents the site contamination state. The occurrence would be suggestive of a significant pollution pathway.