An Argument for Civil Disobedience

An Argument for Civil Disobedience Are acts of civil disobedience ever appropriate? According to American history, acts of disobedience in the face of tyranny are not only appropriate but expected. The very fabric of this nation was shaped by acts of civil disobedience and rebellion. Human morality is not always defined by governmental regulations and when those regulations are in direct defiance of morality, it is the people’s obligation to stand with their beliefs and change the government.The United States of America as we know it was created by acts of disobedience. Thoreau states â€Å"the character inherent in the American people has done all that has been accomplished†. Our own founding fathers embodied the principles of disobedience by rebelling against the tyranny of England by writing the Declaration of Independence because their morality conflicted with English governmental policies. Even colonists, refusing to be over taxed on imports, were responsible for t he Boston Tea Party.The freedom we enjoy today was the direct result of disobedience. The government created by our founding fathers was not immune to its own conflict with moral conscience leading to disobedience and rebellion. For example, the civil rights movement of the 1960’s was fueled by acts of civil disobedience. When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat, her passive defiance personified civil disobedience. In the minds of civil rights leaders, the Jim Crow laws which defined segregation were inappropriate. They believed skin color did not define human worth.Civil rights activists actively defied the government, changing policies, and earning equal rights for all races. Our current presidential administration is not immune to defiance. In the passage â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, Thoreau summarizes that elected officials can pervert the concepts of government and its power to satisfy personal agendas. The Obama administration and its efforts toward gun control have spurred a new generation of disobedient citizens across the nation. Ordinarily law abiding citizens are purchasing guns and ammunition at an alarming rate and are daring the government to take them away.Americans even use social media, such as Facebook, to challenge the disarming of its citizens. Law enforcement officials are writing statements vowing to disallow federal officials to confiscate the guns our president is trying to ban. If our past dictates our future, the people will prevail and President Obama will fail. The spirit of the American people is by definition, disobedient. Our conscience refuses to allow government to abuse its citizens physically, mentally, or financially. â€Å"The government is best which governs not at all. † -Henry David Thoreau

Pride and Prejudice Response Paper

Our honorable instructor, Professor Tang assigned us to read three novels in our National Day Vacation: Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, and A Woman On a Roof by Doris Lessing. Of these three, I favored Pride and Prejudice most, as apparently, neither the simple story of the sun-bathing woman in A Woman On a Roof was easier enough for me to understand its â€Å"representative of modern women figures†, nor the ugly face of the man who persuaded his girlfriend to take a â€Å"perfectly simple† abortion in Hills Like White Elephant interested enough for me.So though I was actually a fan of the novel Pride and Prejudice, with a more than five times novel reading experiences, and a more than ten times movie audience experiences ( Pride and Prejudice starred Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen), I picked up this novel and read it in my vacation. I presume that Pride and Prejudice was a most comical one of Jane Austen†™s novels. People around me regarded this novel as a love story, yet to me, the novel is an illusion of the environment, the society at those years. Elizabeth, or Lizzie, the heroine and Mr.Darcy, the haughty hero, a literary idol of girls like me, are the exceptions of the gender relationships at that time. In my humble opinion, the relationship between Jane, the second heroine in this novel and Mr. Bingley was a real picture that showed the characteristics of the relationship in that federal era. They loved each other and were deeply enchanted with each other from the bottom of their heart. Yet Mr. Bingley was too shy and too worrying, he set too many obstacles for himself, while Jane was a typically conservative lady, she was bounded by the old manner and so-called â€Å"courtesy†.They hardly missed the chance to marry each other. When it comes to my favourite character—Lizzie, I must confess that she was the bravest heroine in all books I have read. At first she refused Mr. Darcy’s propose, but at last she changed her mind and was totally fell in love with him. This change represents her iron inner self and her unique personality, and that’s why she was so charming. Many writers these days like to use Lizzie as an example to stress the feminism, for she dared to chase what she care.I think she was also a successful example for all of our girls, as now we are so young, and we have the chance to chase our dream. Chaucer once said that we soon believe what we desire. That is also the unique way of Lizzie in Pride and Prejudice. All in all, Pride and Prejudice represent the climax of Jane Austen’s writing career. Also, the clues and the characters in this novel was filled with vividness, so that they are so real to our reality. That’s why I regard this novel as a real classic. Pride and Prejudice Response Paper Our honorable instructor, Professor Tang assigned us to read three novels in our National Day Vacation: Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, and A Woman On a Roof by Doris Lessing. Of these three, I favored Pride and Prejudice most, as apparently, neither the simple story of the sun-bathing woman in A Woman On a Roof was easier enough for me to understand its â€Å"representative of modern women figures†, nor the ugly face of the man who persuaded his girlfriend to take a â€Å"perfectly simple† abortion in Hills Like White Elephant interested enough for me.So though I was actually a fan of the novel Pride and Prejudice, with a more than five times novel reading experiences, and a more than ten times movie audience experiences ( Pride and Prejudice starred Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen), I picked up this novel and read it in my vacation. I presume that Pride and Prejudice was a most comical one of Jane Austen†™s novels. People around me regarded this novel as a love story, yet to me, the novel is an illusion of the environment, the society at those years. Elizabeth, or Lizzie, the heroine and Mr.Darcy, the haughty hero, a literary idol of girls like me, are the exceptions of the gender relationships at that time. In my humble opinion, the relationship between Jane, the second heroine in this novel and Mr. Bingley was a real picture that showed the characteristics of the relationship in that federal era. They loved each other and were deeply enchanted with each other from the bottom of their heart. Yet Mr. Bingley was too shy and too worrying, he set too many obstacles for himself, while Jane was a typically conservative lady, she was bounded by the old manner and so-called â€Å"courtesy†.They hardly missed the chance to marry each other. When it comes to my favourite character—Lizzie, I must confess that she was the bravest heroine in all books I have read. At first she refused Mr. Darcy’s propose, but at last she changed her mind and was totally fell in love with him. This change represents her iron inner self and her unique personality, and that’s why she was so charming. Many writers these days like to use Lizzie as an example to stress the feminism, for she dared to chase what she care.I think she was also a successful example for all of our girls, as now we are so young, and we have the chance to chase our dream. Chaucer once said that we soon believe what we desire. That is also the unique way of Lizzie in Pride and Prejudice. All in all, Pride and Prejudice represent the climax of Jane Austen’s writing career. Also, the clues and the characters in this novel was filled with vividness, so that they are so real to our reality. That’s why I regard this novel as a real classic.

Competency Goal II Essay

I try to teach the children to stay healthy by getting the proper exercise that is needed for them. I take the children outside everyday if it’s not too hot, or too cold. I practice forms of yoga in the morning and the evenings with the children. This is to stretch their muscles, and to get their blood flowing. Exercising helps the children in the morning if they are still tired. Also, I’ve learned that the children have a better day when they are not tired and sleepy. Functional Area 5: Cognitive As a head start teacher I try to plan activities to develop strong thinking skills. I try to plan activities for cognitive development that make children think. I ask open-ended questions; play verbal guessing games, memory games, and other sensory motor activities. When I ask questions I use current events and experiences that the children can relate to. For an example, I’ve asked the children what happened to Goldilocks once she ran into the woods. Then, I wait for thinking gestures from the children. Their responses were the following: â€Å"She ran as fast as she can away from the Three Bears, she went home and told her mom, and she went home and called the police.† I also, play verbal guessing games such as, â€Å"Guess Who† â€Å"What is white, looks like a horse, and has black stripes?† The children guessed a zebra. I would do an activity like this after checking for prior knowledge (a story about zoo animals or a field trip to the zoo). In addition to open-ended questions and guessing games, I play the â€Å"Memory game.† First we look at all the pictures (starting with about twenty cards or ten mates). Then we place the cards face down and I model by picking up a card and turning it over. Then I turn over another and then the first child follows what I modeled. The children really enjoy this game. Their memory starts kicking in once I turn over quite a few cards. Lastly, but not limited to, I play a guessing game that uses the sense of touch. I use two paper bags, and each one has different contents. I put play dough in one and sand in another. I blind fold each child, allow them to feel the content  inside the bag, and chart their guesses from what they feel. They also describe it to the best of their knowledge. This game really gets them thinking. As a head start teacher cognitive development is very important as well as the other objectives for preschoolers. I try to plan activities to develop a strong thinking skills foundation for children. I try to plan activities for cognitive development that make children think, wonder, and explore. I believe that sensory motor games and memory games are great choices for developmentally appropriate actives to strengthen cognitive skills. Functional Area 6: Communication In order to know if a child is learning, I often ask questions. I give each child an opportunity to build their communication skills. Children really like when I interact and acknowledge what they have to say. In the morning meetings, I make sure that all the children have a chance to tell the class how they are doing and what they look forward to doing throughout the school day. While interacting with the children I remind each child to use their words in order to express themselves. Not only do I read to my children daily but I also play music with different vocabulary words in order for the children to learn new words daily. Functional Area 7: Creativity As a head start teacher, I once believed that creativity was a challenging task. When I start planning activities around the children’s interest, it became much easier. One day the children and I were discussing woodlands. The children where all excited to know that I planned a camp fire. I ask the children what could be used for a pretend fire. The children decided that a paper towel roll could be used as a log. Then I asked how can a fire be started? One child began to rub his two pointing fingers together. I said â€Å"Good idea!† Then I asked what could be used as sticks to rub together to start our pretend fire. Another child suggested that to use two yellow pencils. So we all took turns rubbing the sticks together. After the material was gathered together, I asked what color construction paper could be used to make our camp fire look like fire. Several of children decided on using the following colors: red, orange, blue, and even purple. The children and I placed the logs crisscross. The children and I  pushed the construction paper strips into a slip in the paper towel rolls. Then we used balls of white paper as marsh mellows, attached it to a pencil, and pretended to roast marsh mellows. One child said, â€Å"We need brown paper for gram crackers.† So the children and I cut squares of brown construction paper to make pretend gram crackers. This is how the camp fire was created. This was a creative activity that I planned around the children’s interest. I found it to be easier to plan activities for creativity by consulting the children first. I listen to their conversations from previous discussions and came up with the pretend camp fire activity. I have planned other creative activities using the same strategy to get the children involved.

Effective Business Communication Research Paper

Effective Business Communication - Research Paper Example The paper, therefore, performs a literature review on the theoretical development of business communication and some of the barriers that have been identified to impair the delivery of effective business communication. Lastly, the paper includes some of the channels that can be used to deliver business information in the workplace and their effectiveness. In order to articulate the process of communication, the researchers performed primary research using the qualitative and quantitative methods of interview and questionnaires in order to determine the problems facing various organizations in the UAE regarding effective communication. ... The listener must work to make the speaker feel understood and create an environment in which the speaker will be free to express his views and put his message across in the most appropriate ways possible. Another requirement for effective communication is that both the speaker and the listener understand the importance and sue of non verbal communication skills. The speaker must be able to uses these cues to reinforce the message he intends to say, and the listener must be able to observe the cues and interpret them as effectively as possible. 1.2. Background of Study The process of communication is often hampered by barriers to achieving effective communication. As such, organizations are constantly seeking ways that they can reduce and eliminate these barriers in order to achieve highly effective communication process. One way that managers can overcome this problem is to draft and disseminate messages that are clear enough to be understood by those they are intended for. Such mes sages should contain clear information or instructions, and the language used should be simple enough to be understood and free from ambiguity. Workplace grapevine is a common barrier to effective communication as employees engage in informal and unsubstantiated gossip. In order to avoid this problem, managers should pass on relevant information to employees through official means to offer any clarity that may be needed so that they can prevent employees from constant speculation, which leads to the grapevine. 1.3. Objectives of the Study This study shall seek to explain the communication process in a business setting and identify some of the problems that those involved in the communication process incur. The study will then seek solutions to these problems in order to determine the

Ethics in Justice, Law, and Social Control Research Paper

Ethics in Justice, Law, and Social Control - Research Paper Example The law therefore upholds true liberty. The law is meant to prevent a person from causing grave harm to themselves and others where there are no other means of doing so. These are called paternalism laws. This could be either economic physical or even psychological harm. Besides protecting people from harm, there is the moral perspective of the law. This means that something can be prohibited simply because it is wrong. Pollock gives the example of pornography which is prohibited by the law in America (Pollock, 2007). Research has shown that the viewing of pornographic materials does not cause any perceivable harm on the individual, nor does it cause an increase in sexually related crime. Pornography is thus prohibited simply because it is morally wrong. Laws may also be developed because they benefit others. For instance, forest conservation laws prohibit the cutting down of trees not because it would cause harm to the actor or to other but because conservation benefits everyone inc luding generations which are yet to be born. There are conflicts that may arise with the paternalistic laws where some systems give more weight to individual rights allowing people to do some actions, even though they may cause harm to themselves. ... The next time he sees the mayor driving carelessly and possibly being a threat to the safety of other road users. In this case, if the police officer stops the mayor and gives her another ticket, he would get in trouble with his boss. If he, however, ignores the mayor and in an unfortunate incidence the mayor causes an accident on the road, the police officer would be accountable for that accident since he would have failed in his duty of upholding the law. In this situation, the most ethical thing that the police should do would be to stop the mayor and kindly warn her for over-speeding and again give her a ticket. This is because letting her drive that dangerously not only puts her life in danger but also puts the lives of other road users at risk. Since the mayor knows that she has the support of the captain, she is more likely to continue breaking more traffic rules. Being in a position of power does not mean that one should break the laws that have been put in place to protect t he rights of everyone. Such an action would definitely put the police officer in an awkward position with the captain. Conversely, the captain is not his ultimate boss, and there are other senior people whom he reports to and who may not condone such behavior. In case the captain punishes the officer for upholding by the law, the officer should ensure that he keeps all evidences of this case in order to prove his innocence to the seniors. Although corruption has been seen to be a common occurrence especially in our large cities, stopping it requires that all actions be guided by the law (Pollock, 2007). Not all judges or senior officers are corrupt and any officer should focus on doing the right thing and protecting the people as is stated in their job

Emergency Disaster Legal Issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Research Paper

Emergency Disaster Legal Issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Jersey - Research Paper Example Legal offices have been open in the region to provide people with access to benefits, acquire safe inexpensive housing, and manage other legal problems to assist families and the public pull through Hurricane Sandy. In order to prevent communities from the devastating effects of any other emergency, several policies have been implemented accordingly. Reflecting on this context, this paper critically examines emergency disaster legal issues after Hurricane Sandy within New Jersey from a broad point of view. In order to successfully scrutinize the subject, the paper also provides the central research question and the purpose of the research, research methodology, and appropriate recommendations accordingly. The Central Research Question and the Purpose of the Research The occurrence of disaster in any given society leads to mass killings and destruction of property in the long run. The happening of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey has become an important issue of discussion in recent time s. The debate over the disaster has been aimed towards finding out the most valuable measures, which should be implemented in the region to help people (National Disaster Legal Aid, 2012). Whenever a disaster hits any given region, there are several legal issues which arise among the victims. Several measures must be adopted appropriately in order to solve such legal issues within the shortest time possible. With the intention of addressing the legal issue in the affected region, legal assistance is always considered of great importance (Perry, 2012). Legal assistance provided in New Jersey takes account of the following. The first legal assistance is returning legal documents lost and damaged during the incidence. The second legal assistance is providing medication and property insurance claims to the victims whilst the other legal assistance is to give counseling on issues related to tenant and landlord. Building on this perspective, it is worth noting that the central research qu estion of this paper revolves around preparing a report in support of the legal issues of the disaster. This implies that the central question of the research forms a point of reference from where the purpose of the research is understood clearly. It is worth noting that, all the way through the state, revival efforts are well in progress (Summar, 2012). The revival efforts are aimed towards saving the lives of all people affected by the disaster. In that sense, the purpose of the research is to explore the negative impacts of a disaster, examine the necessary policies that are put into practice towards addressing the emerging issues, and define how victims of the catastrophe can be helped to recover sooner or later. Research Methodology After evaluation of the disaster, the Hazard and Vulnerability Analysis prepared by the legal offices at New Jersey announced that the people were equally at risk of different types of disasters. It is appropriate for a community to have well organi zed emergency operations against any emergency. After an analysis has been done and the community has been found vulnerable to different types of disasters, there is the need to come up with emergency plans to address the situation (Perry, 2012). For the community, there are two ways to go about this: we can have a Disaster Specific Plan for the different disasters or have a General Emergency Management Plan for addressing any of the four disasters whenever

Leadership evaluation of prior manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership evaluation of prior manager - Essay Example Usually these kinds of leaders have high level of performances and low level of grievances as these leaders are more committed to achieving goals. Moreover, high task leaders are strong when it comes to technical skills and are good nurturers and planners. Another important trait that such leaders possess is the work allocation as proper defining and scheduling of work is done for workers to maximize productivity and later for doing assessment for workers. Similarly, high people leadership style focuses on building trust between manager and workers. This kind of leadership usually has strong personal traits and are committed towards making a bridge between manager and worker by creating or ensuring trust, delegating responsibilities to the workers, motivating employees by listening and fulfilling their needs. Philip Mayers, director of Make a Wish organization Australia, was asked to fill the assessment form for behavioral leadership. He scored 8 (in terms of odd numbers) which proved that he possessed high task leadership. Moreover, in terms of even number, Philip Mayers score was 7, which meant he had high people leadership style as well. It has been found that Mayers ensured that his employees were engaged with work full-time and were not doing any other activity during working hours. Similarly he does not waste time in knowing about employees during working hours and believes in setting goals and agenda during department meetings. He believes in punctuality and has a clear policy of briefing employees what needs to be done. However in case of conflicts in the organization, he personally gets involved and tries to come up with the solution to carry out work in a peaceful manner. Also he periodically tries to motivate his staff so that they can achieve goals easily. In terms of working habits, Mayers is reluctant in giving permission regarding problems that occur during work and the solutions of those problems. He believes in

Digital Marketing annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Digital Marketing - Annotated Bibliography Example Arthur Lisa’s book discusses big data as a topic that involves many individuals throughout the organizations. She argues that this fact is very essential and should not get forgotten whenever an individual is trying to make use big data in a purposeful manner. The book, big data marketing entails the position held by big data in marketing. The book; however tends to concentrate more on the barriers that hinder the organizations to use big data effectively. However, she acknowledges that big data has greatly improved advertising and marketing. The organizations that have made use of big data have recorded a tremendous success in their marketing and consequently improved sales. Amazon and E bay ensures that the products get exposed to the consumers. In this book, the author concentrates on over thirty years of her technological marketing leadership as well as her current obligation as a chief officer of marketing. She provides a common sense sequentially and also proven the data driven marketing adoption approach. The author noted that the enormous development of the internet and its necessity has made companies appreciate digital marketing. However, some organizations are yet to reap the benefits that big data the potential of providing. She attributed big data adoption to an improved customer experiences, expenses friendly and its role is commendable. She hence advocated for its adoption by marketers in their respective organizations. These aspects have led to the adoption of big data marketing and advertising by many organizations across the world. They are also easy to use especially E bay and Amazon.

Canada's fight against ISIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Canada's fight against ISIS - Essay Example ents of ISIS, especially the United Nations, have labeled the group as an active terrorist organization while secondary opponents like Colombia views ISIS as an extremist organization (Emma 46). As of June 2014, the ISIS had intensified violent attempts to topple the Iraqi government in Baghdad. Two months later, ISIS had increased their insurgent activities towards Iraqi government forces and civilians, plus foreign forces led by the US military. In the light of ISIS’s brutal advancement of their objectives, the US have committed a small portion of its military personnel and resources in helping the Baghdad government. Specifically, the US tries to deter advancement of the insurgents through air strikes. In the last two weeks alone, US military used both manned and unmanned aircrafts to launch more than 100 missile strikes in ISIS stronghold regions. Despite numerous air strikes in their strongholds, ISIS militants repeatedly bubble to the surface with additional strength and zeal. Last week, US secretary of state John Kerry asserted that the ISIS presents a substantial challenge to stability in the Middle East and even the world in general. Kerry stressed the necessity of concerted efforts between NATO nations in quenching the ambitious and genocidal ISIS insurgents. In this regard, US government has reached out to allied nations, including Canada, for support. On 5th September, 2014, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Canada will offer support to the US in their fight against ISIS. Harper agreed on the need to display solidarity with the US government and its foreign policies in Iraq (Murray 01). Inasmuch as the premier denied of a full deployment of Canadian military, he mentioned of providing combat advisers. The alleged advisers will be drawn from the Canadian Special Operations wing. In addition, the Canadian military will provide two cargo planes meant to ferry weapons and other military equipment to the Baghdad forces. Harper further

The pros and cons of globalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The pros and cons of globalism - Essay Example It extends to all forms of activities such as commercial, financial, or even religious as well as cultural. Such a development over the years has broadened the scope of human activities significantly thus giving rise to higher consumer expectations. One of the key reasons behind the sudden spurt in globalization is the range of technological innovations in the recent years, which has helped in transcending boundaries by breaking down barriers and made it possible for various businesses to take shape and reach a wider audience. The fact that technological revolutions have single handedly revolutionized the global arena has been documented by various authors and researchers alike (Langhorne, 2001). The internet revolution which has given rise to e-Business and e-Commerce has helped in creating global virtual communities These communities are known to display a strongly developed sense of awareness and play a vital role in participating in matters such as political as well as economic d iscourses, thus becoming a strong dominant force in enforcing their perspectives in matters related to public policies. The development of enterprise application systems, wireless communications technology as well as a range of effective business software have enabled the businesses to cater to the large and varied requirements of their consumers, in the fastest way possible. People have now taken to shopping online and expect their orders to be shipped to them as fast as possible. The marketing department has found a new virtual ground for aggressively advertising their products, while the company management are now aiming to sell their products virtually. Global connectivity has expanded the business hours and now provide for a new 24/7 working schedule thus, implying the intensity of competition in the global marketplace. Furthermore, technological advancement has also afforded various countries to enter into economic partnerships with each other for the provision of goods and se rvices, thus paving way for international e-commerce (Tompkins, 2007). Globalization also signifies the tendency of businesses to invest their funds in projects and avenues which are beyond their national boundaries and venture into international territories, thus expanding their scope to different markets worldwide. The proponents of globalization have termed such a change as a positive influence especially with respect to the developing nations, who can now avail the opportunities afforded to them, to develop faster by co-coordinating with the industrialized nations. However, the opponents of globalization on the other hand, have countered this recent development stating that it acts as a barrier for a nation's progress, questions its sovereignty and paves way for the development of other nations by compromising / trading the local jobs for cheaper jobs off shore. This paper on the ‘Good and bad of globalism’ seeks to assess and analyze the perspectives presented by T homas Friedman in his book ‘The World is Flat’ and derive conclusions regarding the actual impact of globalization in contemporary times. The World is Flat: Thomas Friedman's book "The World is Flat" examines and assess the various facets of globalization, and serves as a guide to those at the helm of affairs to analyze and introspect their policies and their resultant impact on the economies of their respective nations. Friedman states that there are various forces which has led the world to become flat. He has refers these

Henderson The Rain King Essay Example for Free

Henderson The Rain King Essay The great book ‘Henderson the Rain King’ is a masterpiece creation of an imperative American writer who in addition became the source of inspiration for many other writers in the era of 1950s. The author, Saul Bellow’s triumph has been striking enough for he stirred other writers a new-fangled kind of idol and a new type of expressive fashion (High, 12). Bellow’s lead character lives dynamically within his own intellect. In scripting his hero, Saul Bellow has a few characteristic qualities assembled in his works. In this book he crafts a character who at all times seeks various exposures. In this paper I will discuss how Henderson has some pre-arranged stereotypes about Africa and the people there, what he learns from them in the end, how does Henderson `find` him self in Africa and will support all this with examples from the book. This book begins with a radiant portrayal, the thought of a determined victim, the personality of Henderson, and his declaration of having resolved a trouble. Henderson is actually an American hero probing toward maturity, hesitant between a desire to be loved and abandonment from a world which does not care for him as he needs; he is unripe and a victim of his own thoughts and desires. Bellow has sketched a hero who seems to be disgruntled with the truth of his existence. He is suffocating beneath the accumulative specifics of his life even though he appears to contain what people valor wish for; that is assets and position, wealth and love, as he is described by the people of his times. Many feel that the author has actually carved out a character that is none else but the author himself. Many believe that Saul had a mindset or more specifically stereotypes about Africa and its natives that he inks out through this book. In the book through satire and spoof, Bellow provides ridiculous loads of its banalities. Henderson is a mockery of the bizarre, aggressive, artist-hero of the Stephan Daedalus range. Fiddler and pig grower, he is described as a menopausal social outcast and that is what Bellow had the stereotype about the Africans (High, 33). A straight caricature of the Hemingway narcissist, he is solemn, thoughtful, solipsistic, clumsy, and self-centered. He supposes with his Eliotic fisher king forbears that the land is cursed. As Bellow had stereotyped the Africans, the hero in his book, is in reality Bellows reply to an age group of recent writers who retorted with overstated discontent to the botched assurances of Rousseauistic idealism (Ophdal, 62). It is in addition a notable investigation into the incompatible codes of maleness that bothers the contemporary American gentleman. Henderson merges the idealistic maverick, rich capitalist, rough warrior, schlemiel, unattractive American, and spiritual quester in his character of Henderson which speaks volumes about Bellow’s stereotype of the native Africans. Considerably, we find that once when he has been embraced by African classic mother-goddesses, and has taken training from a lioness, he is competent to suppress his previous aggressiveness to his housekeeper whom he has screamed to demise, his daughter whom he has overlooked, and Lily whom he has disgraced and mistreated for years (Bellow, 59). He is after everything else seen taking pride in his lately attained spiritual balance, taking on an orphan kid on the glacial ice cap of Newfoundland. As a final point, the I desire influence in his heart is at rest. Nevertheless, we are left to ponder whether he can uphold this stability found in the simple loneliness of a glacial ice cap inside the collective circumstances of his family unit. It illustrates the distinct survival wit of the Eastern European shtetl and its stereotypes. Bellow in this book claims that literary innovation has formed novels bursting of the communal disorders of our daytime and urbanized a common sense of catastrophe. Bellow, particularly in ‘Henderson The Rain King’ cultivated for American literature a few of the humorist postures, stereotypes, and mythology of Yiddish literature. His principal work of domestication of Yiddish fable is the utilization of comedy to mutually steal from self-pity and augment the actual existential problem of the hero through the wit shambling pursuit depicted in Henderson’s role (Ophdal, 77). Bowel embarks on a journey to defy racially prejudiced legends and uphold racial synchronization. Henderson commences his pursuit sharing in white prejudices against Africans. Though Bellow believed that they were just prejudices, they were deep-rooted in his opinion and tend to propose lucid ineptitude on the part of Africans (Bellow, 87). They contributed in the primitivist national troops of Africa that was suggested by Conrads Heart of Darkness. Ultimately, nevertheless, Henderson is exposed to his love of Western Civilization and takes a massive fabled jump in time. It is a three-part hunt relating sin, penance, and escape. If we analyze how Henderson evolved throughout the narration, we find that there were till the end some traces of the deep- rooted stereotypes present in his personality but as in the novel when it finally started to rain, it actually depicts that Henderson had freed himself from his thoughts and burdens of the images that he always had. It may well be that he in reality resembles other wastrels who have attempted to flee from themselves on voyages to remote places, but, for all his bristle and self-worth, all his sympathy and humbleness, all his obscure references to fine art, writing and times gone by, Henderson remains only a weary cursed with for the most part uneasy stream of fancy chatter in a store of current fiction. He is finally seen to have found peace within himself. The continuous â€Å"want† â€Å"want† screams within him that lead him to the painful journey, were in the end crushed as he contends with the surroundings and learns to accept things that he cannot change. Many readers though still question, whether a character like Henderson can stay content with the peace he found for long. The conclusion of the movements is the track in the stillness of love and decision, the agitated man, the battered animal, and the stray children who have all accomplished shared comfort and salvation.Prayers for rainfall are responded to, the impatient traveler turns in the direction of abode, and the long nights voyage finally reaches day. Works Cited Bellow, Saul (1976) Henderson the Rain King. New York: Viking Press Publishers. High, Peter (1986) An Outline of American Literature. New York: Longman Inc. Ophdal, Keith Michael (1978) The Novel of Saul Bellow: An Introduction. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania University Press. Majdiak, Daniel. (1991). â€Å"The Romantic Self and Henderson the Rain King† in Bucknell Review: A Scholarly Journal of Letters, Arts and Sciences.

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay Example for Free

Bargaining Power of Buyers Essay The correlation between the console, developer and consumer is best explained by the paradigm of supplier power. The differentiation of inputs is the key available to the consumer to influence the video game industry as a whole. The developer also has similar power and the consoles are thus dependent on these two key inputs for generating creativity and therefore increasing the sales of the console per se as well as the $ 10 royalty that is being charged from each publisher for publishing the game on the particular console. Volumes are the key input as far as the suppliers are concerned. These also impact the console as there is a need to ensure that more number of games are compatible with each console which will help drive sales. The main strategy for negotiating with the supplier by the console is that of backward integration which is followed in a diffused manner, in that there is open ended competition generated amongst the developers to obtain the most creative inputs. Substitutes In as much as consoles are concerned there is limited threat of substitutes within the oligopoly established. However there is a constant need for up gradation between the three rivals, Sony, Nintendo and Microsoft which is driving the video game console industry. The substitutes also act in the form of providing alternatives to the games on respective consoles creating a different level of threats. The threat of piracy is a grave problem with the total size being at $ 3 billion, the industry will most certainly be affected by piracy which may increase with greater dependence on online gaming and the internet. The bargaining power of consoles has been considerably weakened over the years due to price and product sensitivity; thereby the developers are able to manipulate the rivalry between the three principal players to their own advantage. This is causing only intermediate points of advantage to the console when a new advanced version is introduced, they can bargain with the developers for placing their games on the new console, Another important facet is that of royalty that is being charged from publishers for each console, the buyer has the leverage to increase the same or even have a variable pricing depending on the spread of the product. Thus on initial introduction a higher charge could be made and as more consoles are inducted in the system, the volumes could provide scope for reducing the royalty. The backward integration with the developer and the consumer remains the key strategy of all buyers and towards which they are continuously working. The integration with the buyer through programs such as Nintendo’s forums and magazine feed back ensures that the companies obtain buyer information on a continuous basis. In fact the video games industry is doing so at no cost to itself which acts as a positive growth factor for the same. Buyer volumes are likely to increase each day with a healthy growth of 30 % envisaged for the industry over the next few years. Case Studies Establishing Linkages Console, Developer and Consumer Sony Sony Computer Entertainment Inc is a company which has been established in November 1993. It is based in Tokyo and has a capitalization of 1. 933 billion Yen and a sales and operating revenue of 737. 0 billion Yen for year ending 31 March 2005. This places its net income at 35. 5 billion Yen. It is presently leading in the field of console gaming. Its principal area of business is the research, development, production and sales of both the hardware and software for the video game systems Play Station 2 and Play Station Portable. The number of employees of the company as on 1 April 2006 is said to be 1200. (www. sony. com). It would thus be evident that Sony is managing the large scale of its operation on out sourced processes some of which will be covered separately herein. The company is extensively dependent on the developers for developing games. A call has been made to developers for games for its new console, Playstation 3. (Sharma, 2005). This has been an opportunity provided to the developers to build up game scenarios and develop the schematics for new games for the PS 3. Sony is calling this program as Game Yaroze! 2006. This has been standard practice for the company as per industry watchers as a similar program was launched by the company when it developed Play Station 1. An entire range of games were developed for the console with inputs from developers. The company expects contribution from amateurs as well as professional developers. Gamers are also reported to have contributed significantly to the development of games on Sony’s Play Station (Sharma, 2005). The symbiotic relationship between gamers and developers as well as console producers can be explained by the recent threat by gamers of the Call of Duty 2 game threatening to go on strike as the developers did not respond to certain queries by them and threatened to shut down the gaming servers. With console gaming there is no such problem and it is relatively safe from hacking and other forms of information disruption practiced on the internet.

Characterizing Positivism Interpretivism And Realism Approaches Psychology Essay

Characterizing Positivism Interpretivism And Realism Approaches Psychology Essay However, despite these ongoing arguments between the methodological traditions of qualitative and quantitative research (Gage, 1989); combined methods represent a fast developing field of social science methodology. As all methods have specific margins and particular strengths, many discussants propose that qualitative and quantitative methods should be combined in order to compensate for their mutual weaknesses (Tashakkori Teddlie, 2003). Moreover, it is claimed that this movement scripts the beginning of a new era in social research indicated by a tendency to combine quantitative and qualitative methods pragmatically unencumbered by old debates (Johnson Turner, 2003). Therefore it is emphasized that the uses of a mixed-method design provides an important tool in overcoming the limitations of both qualitative and quantitative mono-method research. This essay deals with social theories that influence qualitative and qualitative research methods employed in social sciences as either in principle separable or even as irreconcilable methods of social sciences. It starts with a characterization of positivism, Interpretivism and realism; and links these theories to the foundation of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Then, it shows how they deal with the various aspects of the qualitative-quantitative divide. Finally, it is the intention to show how the combined methodological approach may be integrated in a coherent way to add value and assist in the design of a single research project. With an emphasis on the differences and similarities between quantitative and qualitative approaches providing the basis for exploring the methods of combining both approaches to overcome their weaknesses by providing a commentary of the complementary strengths of each tradition. Characterizing Positivism, Interpretivism and Realism approaches Few sociologists would describe themselves as a positivist, interpretivist or realist. These are terms used primarily by methodologists and social theorists to describe and evaluate the theoretical assumptions underlying different approaches to research (Bickhard, 1992; Johnson, 2006; Hibberd, 2010). There are many different views in sociology about what societies are and the best ways of obtaining knowledge of them. This part of the essay simplifies matters to some extent by characterizing three of the most influential theories of knowledge in sociology: positivism, interpretivism and realism (Bryman, 1998 and 2001; Hibberd 2010). Positivism Positivism is frequently used to stand for the epistemological assumption that empirical knowledge based on principles of objectivity, verificationism, and reproducibility is the foundation of all authentic knowledge (Bryman, 2001; Hanzel, 2010). The term positivist has been critical for some time in the human sciences because positivist tends to subscribe to a number of ideas that have no place in present-day science and philosophy (Hanzel, 2010). Positivism views that sociology can and should use the methods of the natural sciences, that do not usually mean using experiments because there are all sorts of ethical problems with doing that, but positivists do believe that sociologists should use quantitative methods and aim to identify and measure social structures. As a philosophical approach, positivism encompasses a group of notions. Table 1 below, provides main characters for positivist key ideas. It shows that positivists sum up all the items by being against metaphysics (Hackin g, 1983). Character Description emphasis upon verification Significant propositions are those whose truth or falsehood can be settled in some way. Pro-observation What we can see, feel, touch, and the like provide the best content or foundation for all the rest of our non mathematical knowledge. Discoverability Scientific knowledge is something discovered (rather than produced or constructed). Anti-cause There is no causality in nature, over and above the constancy with which events of one kind are followed by events of another kind. Downplaying explanation Explanation may help organize phenomena, but do not provide any deeper answer to Why questions except to say that the phenomena regularly occur in such and such a way. Anti-theoretical entities Positivists tend to be non-realists, not only because they restrict reality to the observable but also because they are against causes and are dubious about explanations. Table 1: Positivism characters Source: Hacking, 1983 Positivist theory argues that the methods of the natural sciences are applicable to the study of societies. In the positivist view, sociology involves the search for causal relationships between observable phenomena and theories are tested against observations (Hibberd, 2009). Researchers adopting a positivist point of view may still be interested in finding out about peoples subjective views. For example, they explore things such as attitudes and opinions through survey research (Michell, 2003). However, they see the task of sociology as explaining why people behave in the way they do, and how people really feel about things cannot be explained scientifically. Interpretivist Interpretivists do not necessarily reject the positivist account of knowledge, but they question the idea that the logic and methods of natural science can be imported into the study of societies. Max Weber was one of the main influences on the interpretivist tradition in sociology. For him, natural science and social science are two very different enterprises requiring a different logic and different methods (Bryman, 1982). At the heart of interpretivist critique of positivism is a humanist viewpoint. Some of those favouring an interpretivist view of sociology have long argued that in their search for a scientific explanation of social life, positivist have sometimes forgotten that they are studying people, and to study people you need to get out and explore how they really think and act in everyday situations. Interpretivists argue that unlike objects in nature, human beings can change their behaviour if they know they are being observed (Collins, 1984; Guba, 1987). So, interpretivists argue that if we want to understand social action, we need to look into the reasons and meanings which that action has for people (Marsh, 2002). Take the example of crime, a positivist would argue that researchers can simply measure crime using quantitative methods and identify patterns and correlations.   While, an interpretivist would argue that we need to understand what people mean by crime, how they come to catego rize certain actions as criminal and then investigate who comes to be seen as criminal in a particular society . The aim of interpretivist approaches in sociology is to understand the subjective experiences of those being studied, how they think and feel and how they act in their natural contexts (Marsh, 2002; Johnson, 2006). Therefore, although interpretivists still try to be objective and systematic in their research, the key criterion in interpretivist epistemology is validity. The favoured research design is ethnography and the main methods are ones that help researchers understand social life from the point of view of those being studied, such as unstructured observation, unstructured interviews and personal documents. Interpretivism has provided a powerful critique of many of the taken-for-granted ideas of positivism that are widely used in sociology and in other social sciences (Marsh, 2002). It has also influenced a whole field of research illuminating peoples everyday life experiences. However, interpretivists accounts are criticised by some sociologists for not providing testable hypotheses that can be evaluated. This can lead to relativism where one theory, or study, is seen as just as good as any other. Realism Realist theory, like positivism, holds that sociology can, and should, follow the logic and methods of the natural sciences, meanwhile, it differs from positivism in its interpretation of science (Hartwig, 2007; Hibberd, 2010). In positivist research, theories are tested against observations and found to be true or false or somewhere in between. In simple terms, the facts are the judge of the theory (Hibberd, 2010). Realists do not make this clear-cut separation because they do not believe that observations can be separated from theories (Parker, 2003; Hartwig, 2007). They argue that no form of science relies exclusively on observable empirical evidence. There are always aspects of any form of reality that remain hidden beneath the surface of what can be observed (Duran, 2005; Hibberd, 2010). According to realists, the aim of scientific work is to uncover the underlying causal mechanisms that bring about observable regularities. Realists see research being guided primarily by scientific criteria, such as the systematic collection of evidence, reliability and transparency. However, because they recognise the importance of the subjective dimension of human action, they also include methods that document the validity of peoples experiences (Bhaskar, 1999). Research designs are more likely to be experimental or comparative in realist research, but there is no particular commitment to either quantitative or qualitative methods (Parker, 2003; Hartwig 2007).The focus of realist methodology, however, is on theory. Realists argue that as there is no such thing as theory-free data: sociological methods should be specifically focused on the evaluation and comparison of theoretical concepts, explanations and policies. The development of a clear, realist epistemology is comparatively recent in sociology and owes much to new realist writers like Bhaskar (1986, 1999) and Pawson (1989). They have provided a different interpretation of science and its relationship to social sciences, and a developing alternative to the dominant theories of positivism and Interpretivism that laid the foundations for a non-empiricist epistemology in social science (Hibberd, 2009 and 2010). However, they would say that this doesnt mean that either set of methods, positivist or interpretive, have to be ditched. The realists argument is that sociologists can be pragmatic and use whatever methods are appropriate for particular circumstances. Social reality is complex and to study it, sociologists can draw on both positivist and interpretivist methods. For purists, the assumptions associated with quantitative and qualitative paradigms regarding how the world is viewed and what it is important to know are irreconcilable. They envisage that both methods stem from different metaphysical and epistemological assumptions about the nature of research (Bryman, 1984; Collins, 1984; Tashakkori Teddlie, 1998). Purists advocate that the methods and tenets from positivism and post-positivism cannot and should not be mixed (Smith, 1983). They believe that the axioms of post-positivism and positivism have mutually exclusive assumptions about society; therefore, the research methods derived under each are considered to be mutually exclusive as well In agreement with purists and acceptance of both positivist and post positivist paradigms, situationalists maintain that qualitative and quantitative methods are complementary but should not be integrated in a single study. However, they believe that definite research questions relate more to quantitative approaches, whereas other research questions are more suitable for qualitative methods (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). Thus, although representing very different directions, the two approaches are treated as being complementary. By contrast, pragmatists, unlike purists and situationalists, contend that a false separation exists between quantitative and qualitative approaches (Newman Benz, 1998). They advocate the integration of methods within a single study. Sieber (1973) articulated that because both approaches have intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, researchers should utilize the strengths of both techniques in order to understand better social phenomena. Indeed, pragmatists assign to the philosophy that the research question should drive the methods used (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). In any case, researchers who ascribe to epistemological purity disregard the fact that research methodologies are merely tools that are designed to aid our understanding of the world. It is possible to argue that there are overwhelmingly more similarities between quantitative and qualitative approaches than there are differences (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). Bothe and Andreatta (2004), add that both approaches involve the use of observations to address research questions, describe their data, construct descriptive arguments from their data, and speculate about why the results they observed happened as they did. Both sets of researchers select and use analytical techniques that are designed to obtain the maximal meaning from their data, and so that findings have utility in relation to their respective views of reality (Kelle, 2006). Both methods investigators utilize techniques to verify their data. Such techniques include persistent observation with continuous and prolonged investigation of the research study with consideration to rival explanations. Replication of the chosen study method to other cases (of which may include extreme scenarios) provides the opportunity to gain validity of findings and the methodological approach used, by means of a representative study group to allow for reliable generalisations to be made. Triangulation, verification of researcher effects and weighting of the evidence identifies and resolves researcher bias and thick description (Creswell, 1998, cited Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005) which may impact on the findings. Debriefing of study participants may obtain valuable feedback from participants also. Moreover, quantitative and qualitative researches represent an interactive range and the role of theory is central for both paradigms. Specifically, in qualitative research the most common purposes are those of theory initiation and theory building, whereas in quantitative research the most typical objectives are those of theory testing and theory modification (Newman Benz, 1998). Clearly, neither tradition is independent of the other, nor can either school encompass the whole research process. Thus, both quantitative and qualitative research techniques are needed to gain a more complete understanding of phenomena (Newman Benz, 1998). Hence, there are many parallels exist between quantitative and qualitative research. Indeed, the purity of a research paradigm is a function of the extent to which the researcher is prepared to conform to its underlying assumptions (Luttrell, Wendy, 2005).This suggests that methodological pluralism (Larsson, 2009) should be promoted, the best way for this to occur is for as many investigators as possible to become pragmatic researchers (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). Combined research methods and function in the research process A combination of qualitative and quantitative research approaches can assist in practical solutions to overcome limitations of mono-method research discussed for the last 50 years (Kelle, 2006). However, it is rarely addressed in current debates whether it is possible to develop solid methodological strategies for structuring research methods based on that insight of combining qualitative and quantitative methods (Creswell et al., 2003; Tashakkori Teddlie, 2003; Onwuegbuzie Leech, 2005), though there is a broad agreement that a use of multiple methods with complementary strengths and different weaknesses can add value to a single research. Despite this, the discussion provides only sparse information about which designs could overcome which weaknesses of mono-method research. Furthermore, there is still a lack of agreement about the exact classification and terminology of different mixed methods, combined method or multi-method designs which are used in research practice (Tashakkor i Teddlie, 2003, cited Onwuegbuzie Leech, 2005, p:307 ). By starting the research process with a qualitative study, researchers may obtain access to knowledge that helps them to develop the appropriate theoretical concepts and to construct consistent research instruments later on that cover relevant phenomena by consequential and relevant items. Such a design helps to overcome the limited transferability of findings from qualitative research as well as the initially mentioned hazards of the heuristics of commonsense knowledge (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005, p: 307). This approach can help to construct consistent research instruments that cover relevant phenomena by consequential and relevant substances. Meanwhile, combining qualitative and quantitative methods the opposite way could be useful in many cases; that means starting with a quantitative study, followed by qualitative questions (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005; Lund 2005). In this quantitative-qualitative approach, problem areas and research questions are identified by carrying out a quantitative study which will have to be further investigated with the help of qualitative data and methods. The problem of quantitative research addressed by this design is often the difficulty to understand statistical findings without additional socio cultural knowledge. Furthermore, the quantitative part of a sequential quantitative-qualitative design can guide systematic case comparison in the following qualitative inquiry by helping to identify criteria for the selection of cases and by providing a sampling frame (Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005; Kelle, 2006). Thus, this design can help to overcome an important threat of validity existing in qualitative research that researchers focus on distant and marginal cases. Another problem of qualitative research can be addressed by this design: it helps to avoid a qualitative study with an outsized scope that covers a domain too wide to be captured with the help of a small qualitative sample. Onwuegbuzie and Leech (2005) give a simple example to understand the above problem: a qualitative study of family life in a contemporary city would have to take into account many more different forms of families than a similar study in a traditional rural community in the first decades of the twentieth century. By drawin g on statistical material about the distribution of different family forms, the minimum requirements for qualitative sampling could be easily captured, and may be well advised to downsize the research question and research domain (Bryman, 2001; Onwuegbuzie and Leech, 2005). On the other hand, a parallel qualitative-quantitative design can fulfil similar functions to a sequential design: the qualitative part of the study can provide information that helps to understand statistical relations, to develop explanations and to identify additional variables that increase variance already explained in the quantitative data. A great benefit of a parallel qualitative-quantitative design is that it helps to identify measurement problems and methodological artefact of both qualitative and quantitative data, as the same persons are interviewed with different techniques (Bryman, 1992 and 2001). However, this parallel design approach encloses an important disadvantage, it is that qualitative sampling and data collection cannot be systematically developed from research questions derived from quantitative data; therefore it can easily be the case that the available qualitative data provide no answers for questions coming from the quantitative study, as they were not col lected for that purpose. Conclusion It is shown throughout this essay that the theoretical approach influences the methodological approach and vice versa. Many studies in sociology use a combination of positivist, interpretivist and, realist ideas. The essay demonstrates that the influence of positivism has inspired much of social research most prevalent research methods. Some of these include surveys, questionnaires and statistical models. Researchers applying a positivist methodology for their study consider large-scale sample surveys and controlled laboratory experiments as suitable research methods. These methods can be justified as they allow positivist researchers to employ empirical and logical quantitative data. While, interpretivism employs qualitative methods to understand people, not to measure them, it attempts to capture reality in interaction, however, does not necessarily exclude quantitative methods. Whereas, quantitative results from a positivist method like a survey are unlikely to provide understandi ng of this deeper reality and therefore should not be a major part of any realism research project, basically, because realism research data are almost always qualitative data about meanings. The essay provides several benefits of performing mixed method research. Researchers of social science use a wide variety of research methods to gain and enhance knowledge and theory. The different types of research methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, are associated with the epistemological and theoretical perspectives the researcher wishes to adopt. The essay demonstrated that quantitative and qualitative methods can fulfil different, yet, complementary purposes within mixed-method designs. Quantitative methods can give an overview about the domain under study and can describe its heterogeneity on a macro-level, whereas qualitative methods can be used to gain access to local knowledge of the field in order to develop theoretical concepts and explanations that cover phenomena relevant for the research domain. Thus, quantitative and qualitative methods cannot substitute each other, but help to illuminate different aspects of sociological phenomena: in a sociological investiga tion quantitative methods can describe the actions of large numbers of different actors, whereas qualitative methods provide information about possible reasons for these actions. In such cases qualitative and quantitative methods help to answer different questions such as the kinds of actions social actors typically perform. Finally, the essay demonstrated that results from qualitative interviews can help to identify unobserved heterogeneity in quantitative data as well as the previously unknown explaining variables and unspecified models (Kelle, 2006). It is also clear that results from the qualitative part of mixed-methods design can help to understand what once incomprehensible statistical findings were; the qualitative part of the research can help to discover a lack of validity of quantitative measurement operations and instruments. Moreover, in a sequential quantitative-qualitative design quantitative research can help to guide the selection of cases in qualitative small studies. In this case the quantitative part of the study can help to confirm findings from a qualitative study and to transfer these findings to other domains.

A Comparison of Schools in the U.S. and Japan Essay -- Essays Papers J

A Comparison of Schools in the U.S. and Japan In Japanese schools, from elementary schools to universities, teachers direct what students should do or how they should be. Students follow the school rules and the directions of teachers. In American schools, on the other hand, students have to be more independent than Japanese students in many ways. Because of differences between Japanese and American schools, Japanese students who begin to study in an American school are shocked, and they take a pretty long time to adjust themselves to the way of American schools. Differences between schools in the two countries are seen in classrooms and during classes: the style of lectures, the relationship between student and teachers, and the style of examinations. First, many Japanese students are surprised by American schools because American students pay much attention to teachers, and also they interrupt teachers to ask questions or to express their opinions. The style of teaching in the U.S. is completely different from Japan, especially in two points. One difference is that teachers in Japan expect students to be quiet in classes. In general, teachers explain the content of textbooks, hand-outs, and other materials. But in American schools, teachers think class participation is very important, and they require students to give their opinions or ask questions in classes. Another difference is that teachers in Japan write down important things on a blackboard, but teachers in the U.S. seldom write everything; they just explain orally. Japanese students are very quiet during classes, and all they do is listen to teachers and copy what teachers write on blackboards. They seldom ask questions during classes but ask friends or teac... ... classes. School systems, including grading systems and examination styles, in Japan and the U.S. are quite different. Also, the relationship between students and teachers is completely different. Most Japanese students who transfer from Japanese schools to American schools, or who go to an American school after they graduate from a Japanese school, may be shocked by the new and different systems and the relationship to their teachers. For Japanese students, the way of American schools seems very difficult--to attend classes, to study, and to understand the system itself--but they also notice that they can study and live to the fullest as a student, as they talk or argue for or against other students or teachers in the classes. Also, they can get satisfaction from learning and understanding every class through the relationship between teachers and other students.

Essay --

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome â€Å"Progeria† or â€Å"HGPS† is a rare and fatal genetic condition characterized by an appearance of accelerated aging in children. This disease affects approximately 1 in 4-8 million newborns with an estimated 200-250 children living with Progeria worldwide. It affects both sexes equally and all races. Children who are born with Progeria may not exhibit symptoms until the first year of life often characterized by; growth failure, loss of body fat and hair, aged-looking skin and stiffness of joints. As children get older some of the many conditions they suffer from are osteoporosis, generalized atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Many to all children affected by Progeria die of atherosclerosis at an average age of thirteen (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012) ( The Progeria Handbook; A Guide for Families and Health Care Providers of Children with Progeria, Chapter 3, 2010.) A student with Progeria would qualify as an OHI under IDEA because they would have limited strength due to their small stature and bone afflictions. Vitality and/or alertness would also be affected because many students don’t have enough stamina for a full school day without rests. Students are also at a greater risk for heart complications and other health emergencies that may need proper monitoring throughout the school day by a caretaker. All of these and many more issues are due to their chronic health problems which adversely affect the pupil’s educational performance (Parent Information Network, 2008) (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2012) ( The Progeria Handbook; A Guide for Families and Health Care Providers of Children with Progeria, Chapter 3, 2010) ( The Progeria Handbook; A Guide for Families and Health Care Pr... ...gns of stroke, heart failure, or what to do in the case of a seizure. This information will be invaluable in the case of an emergency. In addition, students with Progeria may be on many medications, the school nurse as well as other staff need be aware of this and their possible side effects. All of this and much of the information above need to be included in the child’s IHCP. Although this disease is rare it’s not impossible to be faced with a child whom is afflicted; with proper parent and staff communications the child can have a positive and accomplished schooling experience ("Ihcp - individualized," ) ("Individual health care," ) ( The Progeria Handbook; A Guide for Families and Health Care Providers of Children with Progeria, Chapter 3, 2010) ( The Progeria Handbook; A Guide for Families and Health Care Providers of Children with Progeria, Chapter 16, 2010.)

Balance Between Sense and Sensibility in Jane Austens Northanger Abbey

Balance Between Sense and Sensibility in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey Throughout her novel, Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen integrates parody with characterization to emphasize the necessity of a balance between sense and sensibility while reflecting a theme of the initiation of a young woman into the complexities of adult social life. This novel can be traced back as one of Jane Austen's earliest works. It was written in 1798, but not published until 1818, and is an excellent example of what Austen believed a novel should not be. In the work Jane Austen's Novels Social Change and Literary Form, Julia Prewitt Brown states "The evident purpose of Northanger Abbey is to burlesque the popular fiction of her day, to carry its conventions and assumptions to an absurd extravagance" (50.) To achieve her purpose Austen uses parody to portray a comic version of a gothic novel while presenting false emotions of romanticism and concentrating on pure human beings and their mutual reactions. "The writer of the pure novel sets out to delight us not by prodigality of invention, the creation of a large gallery of characters, the alternation of a large number of contrasted scenes, but by attention to the formal qualities of composition, to design, to the subordination of the parts to the whole, the whole being the exploration of the relations between his characters or of their relations to a central situation or theme." (Allen, pp114.) In Northanger Abbey, Austen intended to reflect a contrast between a normal, healthy-natured girl and the romantic heroines of fiction thorough the use of characterization. By portraying the main character, Catherine Moorland, as a girl slightly affected with romantic notions, Jane Austen exhibits the co... ...ne show his sensibility. His imagination and creativity motivate him to read Gothic romances and to indulge in the effects that his inventive tales produce. His decision to marry Catherine is motivated by feelings of love that further exemplifies his sensibility. Throughout the novel the readers see an excellent display of Henry's ability to maintain equilibrium between the two qualities. He passes his knowledge onto Catherine to help her to become a better person. At the end of the novel it is apparent that Henry has taught the keys of his success to Catherine. Works Cited Allen, Walter. The English Novel. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1954. Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. 1818. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2000. Prewitt Brown, Julia. Jane Austen's Novels Social Change and Literary Reform. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1979.

Computer Aided Instruction Essay

The way the class was maneuver where depended on the teacher who utilizes it. Hence, whatever the technique and style of the teachers in teaching was always the crucial point. No wonder, many teachers were now trying to innovate the old learning styles and replacing it with new and more fun techniques like the Computer Aided Instruction (CAI). Despite the revolutionary advances in the field of computer-based education, technology remains simply a tool. Potentially powerful and stimulating, the computer is only an inert object that can never be a substitute for the personal touch of the classroom teacher. Without proper integration of computers into the curriculum, the benefits of technology to foster children’s learning cannot be fully achieved, regardless of the creative potential of any software used. Responsibilities of the teacher in the computer-enriched classroom begin before the computer is introduced to the students. In providing a rich, challenging, and appropriate learning environment, teachers must take an active role in selecting the software that will truly enhance children’s learning and development. (McPherson and Nunes, 2004). Over the past 15 years, the fundamental nature and use of technology has changed. Throughout Canada and the United States (US), computer-assisted instruction (CAI) has been used over the years to support student learning. In some of these instances the literature is contradictory. However, many research studies do suggest that CAI was used in appropriately and can have positive impacts on student learning. CAI seems to be especially effective in the area of literacy. Studies reported significant effects of CAI on reading skills of pre-schoolers, elementary school students, at-risk students, students with Special Needs and English Language Learners (ELL) (Chambers et al., 2008; Stetter & Hughs, 2011). In the Philippines, Liceo de Cagayan University implemented an Interactive Courseware for Preschoolers to develop their social skills. It enhances the traditional way of teacher’s instructional strategies to encourage the pupils’ interests in learning with the computer environment that is creative enough to please them. This Interactive Courseware for Preschoolers is a type of computer-based instruction with its  text and animations in a graphical form for the preschoolers to learn interactively with the lessons that are presented with facts and able to have a recap on what they have just learned by taking the interactive quizzes. This can provide the pupils with a more flexible, creative and entertaining environment for their learnin g experiences. Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School, Bunawan District, traces its humble beginning from the pioneer, Don Daniel M. Perez and natives of the place. Don Daniel M. Perez selflessly donated a portion of his land which is about 2.2 hectares located along the Davao-Agusan Road. The school is located 24 kilometers from Davao City proper. Presently, the teacher of Kinder-II is still using Instructional Materials (IM’s) and exercising the old fashion in teaching. Though it was a good tactic, teachers handle too many responsibilities for discussing the topics in order for them to deliver efficiently and effectively to make sure the pupils merely understood them on what they want to impart. In their activities the students are also asked to bring their own materials as their tools in understanding the lessons. The researchers focused in the Kinder II level. The students of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School are the present generation and most probably the benefactor of the future teaching techniques such as CAI. Based on the interview conducted by the developers, these are the following problems that were identified: 1. Difficulties in pronouncing the words, familiarizing, matching and identifying numbers, colors, objects and letters. 2. Difficulties in counting numbers and objects. 3. Lack of visual representation in describing the topics relevant in the subject matter. 4. Lack of graphic diagram that could aid in identifying the parts of the body. The motivation of the developers to create and develop software is grounded on the solution to the problems specified by the respondents. It provides information to help or encourage students’ interaction in the classroom discussion to be presented in a multimedia format which includes videos, animations and sound effects. The project aims to aid instructors and  modernized its way of teaching such as computers with multimedia simulation to catch the student’s attention in class. Objectives of the Project General Objective The main objective of the study is to develop an Interactive Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) for Basic Proficiency Learning for Pre-School Kinder-ll Level of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School. Specific Objectives: 1. Provide the capability to authen 2. ticate authorized user. 1.1 Sensitivity of password as part of the security posture. 3. Provide an effective handling of student record. 3.1 Provide verification control on the data added. 4. Provide the ability to manage class. 4.1 Allow adding of class lesson by subject. 4.2 Able to upload still image and video. 4.3 Provides confirmation control to restrict unauthorized access and free from human error. 5. Provide the capability to administer time-bounded activities. 5.1 Allows adding of questions its answers and duration of activities. 6. Provide embedded videos in learning rhymes. 7. Generate real-time reports. 6.1 Obtain selected profile. 6.2 Furnish list of student’s profile. 6.3 Obtain performance rating by subject area. Scope and Limitation of the Project The study being proposed is the Interactive CAI of the Kinder-II Level of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School which focuses on the development of an Interactive Computer Aided Instruction. On the other hand, this will give some resources to be used by the teacher in giving instruction. The system will be able to provide lessons and activities for the following subject: mother tongue, science and mathematics. It also provide realistic  illustration that will catch the attention of the students in the form of animated objects; provide a pre-recorded voice in giving instructions, pronouncing words and numbers; provide a video representation for nursery rhymes and lessons; record the students information, score per activity and generate report such as class list and summary of assessment result. There are two accounts of the system, one for the student and the other one for the teacher. Each student account shall have lessons and activities in the form of multimedia contents, activities that will be given after the end of each lesson. Activity results are being given after the students complete the activity. The teacher is the administrator of the system that has the ability to view contents of the lessons as well as the activities, and can also view the performance rating of every student who’s already done with the activities; verify and retrieve the student’s information. Furthermore, the teacher account has the control to view the nursery rhyme. The system will give a summary of assessment result that can be converted into excel files; it is also capable of retrieving the performance rating by using animated object such stars that depends on their scores of the students based on their activity per lesson. However, computing the final grades will not be incorporated in the system that the researchers develop. Significance of the Project The Interactive Computer-Aided Instruction for Basic Proficiency Learning for Pre-School Kinder II Level of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School will help the administration, students and also the teachers to know more about computer. For the administration, the proposed project of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School will help by improving the previous teaching strategy into an Interactive Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) for Basic Proficiency Learning. Hence, the project will give them the assurance that the students will be able to develop their knowledge and skills in learning. For the student, the project is also beneficial to the students to encourage active learning, as well as their participations and interactivity. It can also be a help to the students to gain additional knowledge and improve their self-esteem. Through this project, it is a great  means to capture the student’s attention. For the teacher, the project is also beneficial to the teachers to lessen their effort in teaching especially to those who are involved in system. For the developers, the proposed project enables the developers to share and improve their knowledge and skills in developing software such as the Interactive Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI) for Basic Proficiency Learning for Pre-School Kinder- ll Level of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School. Operational Definition of Terms CAI. It refers to educational instruction performed almost entirely by computer and uses mother tongue language, which is Visaya, in the process. Graphical Representation. It is a representation given to the students with the corresponding object like images. Video Representation. It is a video representation given to the students with the corresponding nursery rhyme. Pre-recorded Voice. It refers to the sound of the correct pronunciation of every letter and number. Student. The students of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School who take the subjects of Mathematics and Science at same time the user of the Computer-Aided Instruction Software. Teacher. The teachers of Daniel M. Perez Central Elementary School who will manipulate and teach the students how to exploit the system. Multimedia. The integration of multiple forms of media, this includes text, graphics, audio, video and many more.

Is this a fair that Men and Women are becoming more equal

It is true to say that often through out time, in various circumstances and situations, individuals have been discriminated based on their gender. We would think that after numerous years of battle for equality, we would have reached the point where the role of men and women at home merged and the different responsibilities shared. Although there is no generally accepted way of measuring inequality between husbands and wives, different researchers have measured it in different ways. However, most find little evidence that inequality in marriage has been significantly reduced. Willmott and Young used the word ‘symmetry' to describe the duties of husbands and wives as the idea of symmetry describes a ‘sense of balance' between the tasks which are carried out. They believe that women took the major responsibilities of domestic labour and child care, men are spending an equal amount of time on home centred activities. Relationships of this type are known as joint conjugal roles whereby tasks are shared. However Willmott and Young have been severely critisized on their assumptions being based on ‘typical, metropolitan white families' over looking family diversity present in society. The term ‘symmetry' does not represent the idea of equality it is intended to. Evidence illustrates the diversity of modern family structure and so the idea of any family being typical in not very realistic. Apparently their sociology same about from a very ‘male stream sociology' so a woman who worked outside the house is believed, is still responsible for the home. There is some support for their work where Gershuny, who studied the amount of time spent by couples on domestic labour found that the ‘proportion of housework performed by husbands has increased as wives have taken on paid employment'. Combining work and family is an important issue not only because it concerns a great part of the population and because it is one of the key issues of equality. It is also a big problem in the everyday lives of people, because both women and men may have full time jobs. Edgell examined the decision making between husbands and wives and found that women tended to dominate in choices made on the basis of domestic spending and children's necessities where as men in areas that were considered more important such as moving homes and finance in general. The study of money management carried out by Pahl illustrated that just over a quarter of the couples in her study had this system in which there was a fair degree of equality. According to Duncombe and Marsden many women in their study expressed dissatisfaction with their partner;s emotional input into the family and most men did not acknowledg that emotion work needed to be done and it again, shows the responsibility placement on women. Concluding evidence on the inequality within family life as suggested by a study by Dunne shows that women are still a long way from achieving equality within marriage. Her enquiry into lesbian households showed that an equitable domestic division of labour can be achieved however it is harder when in a culture that differentiates so clearly between masculinity and femininity stereotypes. Traditional roles that were once adapted to suit the changes from extended families to nuclear have survived into our own century and as much as some of us would like to see the developments of equality, this will be a slow process. Working life sets conditions on people's use of time far beyond the workplace and the working hours. We know that integrating these two parts of life is one of the greatest challenges parents face in their everyday life. The daily schedule of any family with children is probably among the toughest.

Water Refilling Shop

BASIC FEASIBILITY STUDY: A. ) CAPITAL INVESTMENT: 1. Water Refilling Machine †¦. †¦.. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 250,000. 00 (select packaged amount from the given price list) 2. Renovation or new store at least 20sqm size†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 75,000. 00 3. Delivery vehicle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 75,000. 00 (motorcycle with carrier or multi-cab) 4. Business permit & other legal docs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 10,000. 00 (DTI, Mayor’s permit, Water testing, etc. ) 5. Initial Supplies /miscellaneous†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 31,750. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a. ) 150 Bottles slim †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18,750. 0 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. b. ) 50 Bottles roun d †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7,500. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. c. ) heat gun †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2,500. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. d. ) Stickers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3,000. 00 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Total P 441,750. 00 Let say total investment capital of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 450,000. 00 Note: Actual investment may increased or decreased depends on your actual resources†¦ex. : a. ) less amt. for the delivery vehicle if you already have existing or you can buy 2nd unit. b. ) less amt. for the store buildg. f you have existing c. ) increase or decrease amt. on Refilling equipment, depends on what type of water p roduct you wants to sell. ( e. g. Mineral is only P150,000. 00 etc. )†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ,,,,,,,,,,,,, B. ) SALES / INCOME: Check market price per 5gal. container, price may vary depends on the area, time you use this computation and what type of water product you want to sell) e. g. : †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mineral Water.. †¦.. P20 ~ P25 per container †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Purified Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P30 ~ P35 per container †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Alkaline Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P45 ~ P50 per container †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦PI Water†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. P200 ~ P250 per container Type of processed Drinking Water 1. ) MONTHLY SALES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P39,000. 00 1ST 2 Months: Target is at least 50 containers /day (50 conta iners x P30. 00 selling price x 26days) 2. MONTHLY EXPENSES:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P15,600. 00 a. ) Manpower/salaries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P 500/ day or†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P 9,100. 00 /mo. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 driver †¦.. P200 /day †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 re-filler†¦. P150 /day b. ) Electric bill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P3,500. 00 c. ) Phone bill†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 500. 0 d. ) Transportation / gas allowance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦ 1,500. 00 c. ) Consumables and others.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1,000. 00 3. NET PROFIT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. P23,400. 00 (Gross Sales – Gross expenses = Net Profit) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ P39,000. 00 less P15,600. 00 = P23,400. 00 Note: you cannot compute your monthly sales based from your machine capacity (GPD Gallon Per Day) like other vendor’s computation, simply because you cannot sold 200 bottles a day in the 1st 2months operation of your business unless â€Å"dati ka nagtitinda and marami kana existing suki†. Pls. heck computation on the succeeding month†¦. Water Refilling Station Checklist One of fast expanding business in Manila, and in most Metro cities nationwide, is the water refilling station. It's mushrooming on every street corner, because a lot of people in urban areas prefer to get their drinking water from these water stations, it's simply clean and safe to drink. This is the reply from an ex-OFW about my inquiries of setting-up a water refilling station. He's an owner and supplier. Sir ito po ang complete information ko about water refilling station. In here meron po akong offer for 1000gpd, mga tips at requirements sa wrs.About your questions†¦ ROI maybe a year†¦ kasi we all know that the first three months ay more on marketing. If you will really decide to go into this business, I am willing to help you, I do not mind visiting the site kun meron na kayo. I will give you ideas how to run the business†¦ Promo ko po yan sa first five customers ko. Salamat and you will not regret going into this business†¦ Go into water refilling station business because: 1. You can earn 40 thousand a month. 2. Very easy to operate and can be installed right under your home. 3. Water is a basic need. Your customer will grow as time goes by.You can pass the business to your kids and generation ahead. 4. Lot of people really made it big beca use of this business. Do not let somebody do it before you do. 5. You will be proud and happy to own a water refilling station (speaking from experience). Equipments: 1000 GPD Reverse Osmosis Water Purifying Unit. 1. Filters: – 10Ãâ€"54†³ FRP (blue), Multimedia filter with timer head – 10Ãâ€"54†³FRP (blue), Granular Activated Carbon, with timer head – 10Ãâ€"54†³ FRP (Blue), Softener with timer head and brine tank – 20†³ slim (blue), 5 micron sediment filter – 20†³ slim (blue), polishing filter 2. Reverse Osmosis Unit – 1 no. 2. x40†³ R. O. membrane w/ stainless casing – ? hp procon pump, USA – Low pressure controller – 2 flowmeters – 2 Pressure gauges – stainless steel frame – Control Panel for automation. 3. Water tanks – 210gallons stainless steel raw water tank – 210 gallons stainless steek product tank 4. Disinfection – Ultraviolet – Ge rmicdal (5GPM) 5. Pumps , motors – 0. 5hp pumps, stainless head, Italy complete with 21 gallons s/s pressure tank, pressure switch at gauge. – 0. 5 hp pumps (raw), stainles head, Italy with switch and gauge. 6. Installation : – Installation and supply of pipes for 25sqmeter area is included in our offer. 7.Warranty – 1 year warranty for mechanical parts – 6 months warranty for electrical parts 8. Delivery: Free within Metro Manila 9. Support 1 year technical support. 1 week training of your staff. 10. Package Price: P250,000. 00 only Advantages of our system – The system is fully automatic and requires minimum maintenance and monitoring. – The system can be upgraded upto 2000GPD with minimum cost. – Pumps are from Italy – Protection from low pressure, overload and short circuit. I do not sell just to make money but also to help good and hard working people to survive this test in life – that is my commitment I kno w this usiness and I have learned to love it. Let me share my blessing. I am willing to help. Water Refilling Station Costing, requirements and other important informations. A. Capital Computation |a. 1000GPD water purification |250,000. 00 | |b. Renovation of the station |75,000. 00 | |c. Sign board |3,500. 00 | |d. Stickers |12,500. 00 | |e. 100 Bottles slim |12,500. 00 | |f. 100 Bottles round |15,000. 00 | |g.Motorcycle |65,000. 00 | |h. two layer side car |15,000. 00 | |i. Paper , documentation |3,500. 00 | |j. Water testing |4,500. 00 | |k. heat gun |2,500. 00 | |Total |459,000. 00 | |Say total capital |500,000. 00 | B. Cost, Sales, and Profit †¢ Rent 5,000 †¢ Meralco 6,000 †¢ Water 3,500 †¢ Driver salary 4,500 †¢ Refiller salary 3,000 †¢ Fuel 1,500 †¢ Telephone 500 †¢ Depreciation 2,500 Maintenance 1,000 †¢ Consumables 1,000 Total cost 28,500 Sales for 1000GPD Gallons (24hr. period) 1000 Bottles (5gal container) 200 bottles Monthly (26days) 5,200 bottles Sales (P35per bot) 182,000. 00 Net Profit 153,500. 00 monthly Kung half lang ng capacity ang nabenta.. meaning 100 bottles per day. Sales = 91,000 Net profit 62,500. 00 monthly, 64,000 monthly not bad pa rin di ba? Of course habang dumadami ang bottles produced at customer you may need to employ one more driver to accommodate the delivery. C. Important Requirements: 1. 25sq meters of space 2. Good source of water. Total Dissolved Solids must be below 500ppm.Meron ako tester na ginagamit to know ang TDS ng tubig. Above this TDS (500ppm) baka the quality ng product ay maapektuhan. D. Papers required for acquiring the License for your WRS 1. DTI 2. Barangay permit 3. Mayor's permit 4. Sanitary permit from Municipality or DOH E. Suggestions: E1. Location 1. You do not need to rent spacious place at along highway or road dahil tataas lang ang operating cost mo. If you have 25sqmeter sa bahay mo that will be enough. Or if you will rent naman siguro maximum take a pl ace that would cost from 5000 to 10,000 maximum at dapat meron agreement for 5 years at least. . If you are inside a well populated subdivision, very good because from the subdivision itsel you can easily earn 2 to 4k sales per day. At matipid pa sa gasolina. 3. You do not need to be along the highway dahil 90percent of your sales will be home delivery. E2: Equipments. †¢ Actually you are saving if you will get higher capacity of Reverse Osmosis purification unit. You need to run the system half of the time(12hrs. Only) to produce 1000 gallons. Anyway, yung equipments naman ay madali i-upgrade. †¢ If you can afford, get the fully automatic system.Wala ka ng babantayan na mapupuno or aapaw sa tanke. Just switch it on at it will automatically start and stop when empty at full na ang mga tangke. E3: Delivery You should have an idea kung saan ang maging market mo. Kung subdivision lang.. motorcycle na lang ang biling mo dahil it can carry 25 bottles din at matipid sa gasolina. In our case P500 full tank every 8-10days. Noong jeep ang gamit namin it is P100 per day. Some uses padyak lang. Kung posible sa lugar niyo why not. Contract : others will have a contract with motorcycle drivers P5 per gallon commission para ideliver ang tubig.Starting a Water Refilling Station Business It's easy to start with this kind of business, here's the procedures how: 1. Look for a supplier or seller of water refilling equipments and ask for the price list of different equipments that you can choose, if possible, ask for the feasibility study too to know how much the cost or total investment needed to put-up this type of business. 2. After studying the quotations and the total cost which you think is enough for your budget or capital, then you can start negotiating with the supplier. pic]Ask for discounts and know the after-sales support you can get from them like maintenance and warranty. Don't go for cheap equipments as this will not be worth in the long run. Always compa re and check carefully what you can see on the photos they give against the actual equipment. 3. After choosing the right equipment to purchase, look for a good place to put your refilling station. Some local municipals require a minimum of 25 sqm. total area for this type of business, but oftentimes 20 sqm is enough. If you don't want to rent a place, you can use your own house.Sales will not be a problem even you're inside a subdivision. 4. If you already found the location for you refilling station, you can now contact your preferred equipment supplier for your final negotiations. Ask for a typical layout of a water station from them that you can copy for your own water station. Some suppliers will check and evaluate the place for the best design and layout. 5. Oftentimes, the supplier will ask for a down payment before starting to prepare your equipments. The lead time for complete assembly is 2 to 3 weeks. Ask for a receipt or letter when paying for a down payment. 6.After clos ing the deal with the supplier, you can now start the construction of your water station that will take 3 to 4 weeks to finish. Start also making the deep well if this will be your preferred water source. Let the supplier check your water station during the construction to so that the lay-out will be strictly followed. It is very important that the carpenter follows the lay-out carefully especially on the washing area, pipings and drainage layout. While the construction is on-going, you can apply for a business permit to save time. 7. Go to the nearest DTI in your area and bring your residence certificate and barangay clearance.It's advisable to list 5 to 10 names you choose to name your business to avoid delay when your preferred name was already taken. 8. After getting the registered business name from DTI, go to your local municipal office and apply for a Mayor's business permit. The process takes 2 to 3 weeks depending on the area. Some municipal office will require you to submi t (a) water analysis of potability (physical, chemical and bacteriological test) from your raw or source of water. (b) Engineering drawings (building and electrical plan) signed by a sanitary engineer at other common legal requirement when applying for a building permit. . After getting the business permit and operation permit from municipal office, go to BIR and fill-up form 0506 and pay at the counter. After processing at BIR, you're now ready to make and print your receipts from the printing press. Some printing press will require you to show the approved form 0506 issued by BIR before printing your receipts. 10. It's now time to buy other supplies you will need like water containers, seals, heat gun, sanitizer soap, etc. You can also start doing your store's signage and sticker labels for your products. 11.Once the construction of your water station is finished and the water source is ready, you can now schedule the installation of the equipments (it's better to do it at night n ot too many people are roaming around). Complete installation takes 1 to 2 days only. 12. Allow the machine and equipments from 1 to 3 days to dry-run before selling the product, or get a sample for a water analysis. Go to the nearest DOH office and ask the procedures on how to test the water. Tip: it's better to get a water sample after a month of operation to make sure that the result of water analysis is good. 13.Wait for the result of water testing. If it passed, then good luck and welcome to the club! If it failed the test, call immediately the one who installed your equipments and let them check and analyze why. Other Frequently Ask Questions Q: What are the different types of water you can sell? A: There are four types of water that can be produced from the available equipments in the market today. 1. Mineral Water = Less investment but the disadvantage is shorter shelf life. 2. Purified Water = Equipments are more expensive that Mineral process with the use of â€Å"Reverse d Osmosis system†, the water will last up to 6 months. . Alkaline Water = Current fad because of positive write-ups about health benefits for people, but like mineral water, the shelf life is short. 4. PI Water = Started from Japan, known to have good effects in people's health but it's still quite expensive and not that popular in the Philippines. The customers are mostly Chinese. The selling price is about P200 to P250 per container (5gal. ) Q: What is the best source of water, Nawasa or deep well? A: Either of the two is fine, but deep well will give you a long term savings compared to Nawasa's costly monthly charge for commercial use.Q: How many personnel is required to run a water station? A: At first, 3 is enough, 1 driver, 1 helper and 1 refiller/washer. The number of personnel is relative to the demand of your products. Q: What are the consumable items with this type of business? Answer: †¢ Sediment Filter = replace every month or depending on the quality of the w ater source. †¢ GAC or Carbon Filter = usually 6 to 8 months average but if the water source is not good maybe 4 months only †¢ Carbon fillings = 8 moths to 1. 5 years average lifespan, or will be replaced if broken or the water starts to smell †¢ Daily use of seals Stickers Q: How true that this business is profitable and fast ROI? A: All business is not instant magic, the potential is good simply because water is a necessity. But this type of business, as with other business requires hard-work, patience, and ability to sell your product. Basic Feasibility Study A. Capital Investment 1. Water Refilling Machine – P 250,000. 00 2. Renovation or new store at least 20sqm size – 75,000. 00 3. Delivery vehicle (motorcycle with carrier or multi-cab) – 75,000. 00 4. Business permit & other legal docs (DTI, Mayor's permit, Water testing, etc. ) – 10,000. 0 5. Initial Supplies /miscellaneous – 31,750. 00 o a) 150 Bottles slim – 18,750. 00 o b) 50 Bottles round – 7,500. 00 o c) heat gun- 2,500. 00 o d) Stickers – 3,000. 00 6. Others – 8,250. 00 †¢ Total = P 450,000. 00 Note: Actual investment may increased or decreased depends on your actual resources, example: †¢ a. ) less amount for the delivery vehicle if you already have existing or you can buy 2nd unit. †¢ b. ) less amount for the store building if you have existing. †¢ c. ) increase or decrease amount on refilling equipment, depends on what type of water product you wants to sell ( e. . Mineral is only P150,000. 00 etc. ) B. Sales Income Check market price per 5 gal. container. Price may vary depends on the area what type of water product you want to sell: †¢ Mineral Water – P20 ~ P25 per container †¢ Purified Water – P30 ~ P35 per container †¢ Alkaline Water – P45 ~ P50 per container †¢ PI Water – P200 ~ P250 per container B1. Monthly Sales – P39,000. 00 †¢ 1ST 2 Months: Target is at least 50 containers /day (50 containers x P30. 00 selling price x 26days) B2. Monthly Expenses – P15,600. 00 1. Manpower/salaries – P 500/ day or P 9,100. 00 /mo. 1 driver – P200 /day o 1 re-filler – P150 /day 2. Electric bill – P3,500. 00 3. Phone bill – 500. 00 4. Transportation / gas allowance – 1,500. 00 5. Consumables and others – 1,000. 00 B3. Net Profit- P23,400. 00 (Gross Sales – Gross expenses = Net Profit) Note: You cannot compute your monthly sales based from your machine capacity (GPD Gallon Per Day) like other vendor's computation, simply because you cannot sold 200 bottles a day in the first 2 months operation of your business unless you're already operating for a year and you already established your customers in your area.