Are humans good or evil by nature Essay Example For Students

Are humans good or evil by nature? Essay A famous philosopher Socrates once said, the unexamined life is not worth living. With that idea, the question Are Human Beings Intrinsically Evil? has been asked by philosophers for many years. It is known as one of the unanswerable questions. Determinists have come to the conclusion that we are governed by the laws of science, that there is nothing we can do about ourselves being evil because we naturally are. Evil is simply the act of causing pain. In this essay I will argue that human beings are born with a natural reaction to fear and chaos to be instinctively evil. The primary evidence that people are generally evil is evident by the number of wars. Most countries have experienced their share of wars. World War One was the first war that affected many countries such as Serbia, Germany, Britain, France, and North America. It demonstrated for the first time how brutal people can be to each other. This war was fought because of tension between countries for years that blew up in 1914 with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. The quote, Guns dont kill people, people kill people highlights that machines did not kill all these people, people kill those from different countries in order to further their cause and do not stop unless they are successful. World War One was also known as the war to end all wars obviously this wasnt true. A few years later, another war took place. World War Two demonstrated that people will kill to satisfy themselves. Hitler in World War Two was the main aggressor; he wanted to make his people, the pure Germans, the maste r race. He was threatened by other countries and wanted his superior to all others. When other countries became aware of this, naturally, the war began, killing people by the millions. By the number of wars, we can conclude that the natural human reaction to the threat of war and great power released human evil. Youth cultures are evidence that even youths can be evil once they allow themselves or if they are raised in a chaotic community. An example of youths being evil Lord of Chaos, the young boys involved were not necessarily thought to be likely to cause harm. All of these teenager were very good students. One an amazing artist, another superb math student, another a musician, all on the honour roll. So why did these boys shoot a teacher. These boys needed belonging, and when family fails youth turn to gangs and cults. The gang began to go little acts of evil: stealing, fighting. One night after one of the boys got upset with their teacher decided to bring his gang to beat him up. The teenagers were never provoked to take such drastic measures as to kill, and had no intention to actually kill. But the leader of the gang, who had a gun, shot him in an area he thought could not kill him, but it did. This did not happen necessarily because the boy was afraid, but it the heat of the moment and the chaos around him, he did. Another example of evil in youth culture is the youth gangs in California. Young men of 2 different gangs were isolated from their community. They began to make their own rules, which lead to things getting out of control. The mentality of these gangs becomes this is how we must be to survive and that we must fight to survive. In most cases, people that have the opportunity to have a good education and raised in decent family make the choice to make their lives chaotic with violence. Others that are raised in a chaotic community do not have much choice. Youth culture are very easily influenced by their communities once they become in a chao tic community, it becomes disastrous for the community and to themselves. Literature for many years has described human nature as being evil once they fear something or are in a chaotic situation. In William Goldings novel Lord of the Flies which describes horrific exploits of a group of young boys who make a transition from civilized to barbaric. Golding believes that there is an evil seed inside all of us and given the right circumstances, human beings are capable of anything. The boys evil was described in his novel once they were left in an unsupervised society it became very chaotic. In a part of his novel, Golding describes the boys fear of a beast. With that fear, one night a boy that was away from the group came back and was killed. The boys thought that he was the beast coming from the bushes. Golding has given us an example that people do not have to learn to be evil but are born with the natural reaction to become evil once afraid or in a chaos. Another piece of literatur e that demonstrates peoples evil is Shakespeares Macbeth. The story is that witches told Macbeth that he would become king, with temptation to become king, the fear in becoming king, and the confusion caused by the witches evil became possible. With the help of his wife, he killed the people who stood in his was to become king. Literature has shown that it is possible for human beings in extremely confusing situations and with fear can be become evil. .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 , .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .postImageUrl , .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 , .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:hover , .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:visited , .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:active { border:0!important; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:active , .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101 .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf93d3190533252dbd5ec8e1b94e7101:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bill of Rights EssayPhilosophers and scientists have also tried to understand why human nature is evil, many believe that evil in human nature is uncontrollable. Biologist Lyall Watson wrote that evil is casting its shadow on almost everything we do. This quote can be generated to prove that evil is in almost everything human beings do. Which is true, if put into chaotic situation, your evil will show even if you believe yourself to be good. For example, you are standing in a bank; someone comes into a bank with a gun with the intensions of robbing the bank. If you saw at gun on the floor, you would pick it up and shoot the person trying to rob the bank. This is a natural reaction of evil that may be seen anywhere given the right circumstances. A philosopher, Xun-Zi, believes that people are born with the feelings of hate and envy. That means that as soon as we are born we already posses the ingredients for evil, once stirred with chaos and fear can produce evil. He also said the true purpose of education is to control this dark side of human nature. This quote means that human beings must find a way to control this reaction to be good. Philosophers and Scientist believe that evil is something the follows us and cannot be controlled unless we learn to control it. People may disagree with the idea that human beings because of a natural reaction to fear and chaos that we can become evil. Some people believe that we are created in gods image. Within most religions there is a heaven and a hell. The heaven is the place that we all want to go because of the descriptions from the bible and hell we must fear. Therefore, religions give of the impression that we are capable of being good. If we sin, we must pray or act god for forgiveness. Another reason why people might not believe in this idea is because of the different perception to war. In wars, many people risk their lives to fight for their country. People sacrifice themselves believing that they are doing something right for their country and if they return home feel they have accomplished something in life. Some may also argue that people can be evil or good depending on the person they make themselves to be. They believe that we are a blank canvas waiting to be made something. History can als o prove this; the books are not filled with evil. There is good that happens in history. Leaders such as Hitler have done good things for his people, or rather had the right intentions. It is difficult to argue that he was evil all the time. A person that is universally known for being good is Mother Teresa. She was seen as good for the majority of her life, but there is not actually proof that she was good her complete life. In conclusion, people that believe themselves to be good have a different perspective about what is good. The people that go to war believing they are doing the right thing greatly have the wrong impression of what is good. If good is killing off thousands or millions of people, something is definitely wrong. If that is true that killing is right, then what is evil? In almost every case, people become evil when they are in a chaotic environment or if their lives are in jeopardy which is seen in history, scientist and philosophers, youth groups, and literature. The natural reaction to cause evil, in response, fear and chaos cannot be controlled therefore human beings should not be blamed for their actions because scientifically human nature is already determined.

The Essential Elements of Giving a Speech free essay sample

Educational level varies from high-school graduates to degree-holders. Economic background is mostly middle class, with a minority from the poorer classes, and only a few have more privileged backgrounds. SPEECH: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for attending this workshop. My name is Kerry Chin, from BBC Private Limited, and I am here to present a little speech on, ironically, The Essential Elements of Giving a Speech. . First I would like to thank my employer for giving me the opportunity to present a speech, and I would Like to thank my dear colleagues for supporting me during my reparation.I would also Like to thank the organizers for preparing such a wonderful and useful workshop, and for handling all the details so well. Now that we have the notable mentions out of the way, let us move on to the topic at hand. Since I dont want to bore any of you, Im going to keep this speech short. We will write a custom essay sample on The Essential Elements of Giving a Speech or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Basically, I will talk about the three basic components of a speech: the beginning, where I will tell you how to catch your audiences attention; the middle, where I will inform you how to keep your audience engaged in the speech; and the end, where I will teach you how to make your speech memorable.Some of you may be asking: why do we need to know how to give a speech? You many think: l dont Intend to go up on podiums and address the public at large, so why should I learn about giving speeches? . But let me tell you this, ladles and gentlemen, that there Is no greater skill that can make or break your career and business better than effective public speaking. It doesnt matter whether youre In a boardroom speaking to a small committee of five decision makers, or in an arena raise, knowing how to present your point of view persuasively without being pushy an really make a difference in thriving or Just merely surviving in the competitive world of corporate business. Why do we give speeches? The basis of a speech is to create awareness for your chosen topic. From a marketing point of view, awareness is always the first goal you have to achieve in public speaking. Im sure most of you know that if you and your idea never receives exposure, there is no way you can present it to the public at large.Public speaking, when well-executed, can deliver your message better than any other medium, simply because you are talking about something that is important to tooth you and the audience. But practically any speech will create some awareness for your message. If you truly want to see the results you want, you have to go beyond that superficial first i mpression. You have to make your audience understand your message. To do that, you have to deliver your presentation of your message with skill and charisma. The stronger your presentation skills, the better your audience will remember and understand the key points of your message.Even so, it isnt enough. Your audience may understand what you are trying to say, but it doesnt mean that they would agree to your message. So you have to persuade your audience to not only remember the key points, but also to actually buy that message. You want your message, combined with your speech style to reach these people on an emotional level where they can find interest in your message. Finally, the ultimate result is to present your message so powerfully that your audience is moved to take action Suggested by you, of course.This is certainly the most difficult result to obtain from giving a speech, but this is the ultimate goal you as a speaker must have in mind. What are the benefits you can get from learning how to make speeches effectively? Lets see, how does increased credibility sound to you? Since most people are afraid of speaking to a group, the fact that you can, and do it with passion and skill, will definitely draw admiration from your peers, and theyll be convinced youre an expert if you deliver your message well. Also, if you are able to speak on a subject with authority and enthusiasm, people will regard you as an expect. After all, you wouldnt be constantly called upon to speak unless you know what youre talking about and can talk about it well, would you? Secondly, youll get increased exposure. Exposure is the very bare bones of every marketing strategy. Since most of the time youre putting yourself on a pedestal, literally or figuratively speaking, more people will start to notice you, and what better way to show off your leadership skills? With the credibility youd from the early stages, you may find yourself invited to conduct seminars or give motivational talks.A one-hour keynote speech may lead to a half-day seminar at a national convention. Who knows? You may be even asked to make videotapes or to write articles, and all those recording and printing copyrights will generate a pretty tidy sum of money. Look at Donald Trump and all those books he wrote! Okay, maybe not all of us can be hat good, but we can dream, cant we? In short, public speaking makes you visible, and can lead to other forms o f exposure that will make you even more visible, and it and business an edge above your competitors.In short, public speaking makes you visible, and can lead to other forms of exposure that will make you even more visible, and it is this snowballing of exposure that will put you on the fast track, giving your career and business an edge above your competitors. But first, how can you deliver an effective speech? First, you have to catch your audiences attention. Most of the time when you start your speech youll see people ailing about, talking with each other, eating, or even napping. So grab their attention! Ever seen how a coach catches the sports teams attention?There is a good reason why they have that whistle dangling around their neck. One sharp blow, and everyone is alert. The speakers equivalents to that whistle are humor and anecdotes. A quick Joke, or an appropriate story, or even a catchy phase, will do wonders to catch attention. In addition, little things like Jokes and stories will develop and build a rapport with your audience. This in turn allows them to become more receptive of your message. We hear what we like to hear, after all, and if you like someone youll tend to listen more. The best of stories, of course, are short ones that nevertheless are full of meaning.Using the words of the poet Cooper: A tale should be Judicious, clear, succinct, The language plain, the incidents well-linked; Tell not as new what everybody knows; And, new or old, still hasten too close. When looking for anecdotes, try to keep to personal ones based on your own experience. Not only are they original and safer, there is also less risk of repeating a story everyone else had heard before. Unless, of course, you are a well-established speaker will a massive fantasy, at that point which you should be good enough to keep looking for new material to keep your speeches from being repetitive. Your stories can be humorous, or they can be dramatic, but more importantly, be sincere about your stories. The point of using anecdotes based on your own experiences is to show your audience a little bit of yourself, and that enables them to connect with you. It isnt necessary for you to recite every detail from a certain event, but using your own experiences that are relevant and appropriate of your audience ill help you enforce or drive home a point while at the same time allowing you to build that all-important rapport between you and the audience.All right, some of you may be asking: is humor necessary for making a good speech? The answer is no, but it can be a useful tool. Some of the best speeches in the world, like Winston Churchill Iron Curtain in 1946, or Nelson Mandelas l am Prepared to Die in 1964, are some of the best historic speeches in the world, and both are perfectly serious. We also cannot forget about Martin Luther King, who was not trying to be funny at all when he said l Had a Dream at the March on Washington of 1963. But when well-utilized, humor can become a critical part of an effective presentation. As Ella Wheeler Wilcox wrote: Laugh, and the world laughs with you. Proper use of humor not only maintains the interest of your audience, but also that, your audience is more likely to remember a point that is delivered with humor than with seriousness. More importantly, however, it builds more rapport between you and the audience. The downside, however, is that humor is difficult to master. Not everyone is funny, and if youre the kind that isnt, then its better not to try. Trying to be funny when youre not is intensely embarrassing to both you and the audience.So how does one utilize humor in presentations? One, it must, of course, be funny. Something that tickles your funny bone may not work with the audience. Two, it must be original. Repeating old Jokes and cliches may be easy, but might not get any reaction from the audience simply because they are too stale. It doesnt mean you have to totally come up with new material, of course. Simply putting your own original spin on a funny story thats relevant to the point youre trying to make is good enough. Three, whatever humor you want to use, make in relevant.Remember, people are spending precious time with you to learn something. If you spend half that time more on getting them in stitches than trying to deliver your message, then join a comedy club. Always remember that humor is a tool, not the whole point of your speech. Whether you used humor or storytelling, once you have the attention of your audience, only then you can start to interact with your audience. Involving your audience in your presentation is a powerful and incredibly useful way to connect with your audience, and it will drive your message home even more.Some of the techniques used include audience surveys, quizzes, handouts, and written exercises. But you must do it with a purpose in mind. Only use audience participation when you want to enforce a point or want to uncover information you need to make a presentation, not simply because you can. For example, the nine-dots-in-a-box puzzle. In a speech or seminar on thinking beyond the boundaries, this is a very effective way of conveying that message. Your goal is to connect all the dots with four straight consecutive lines, without repeating a line or lifting your pen off the paper.A reader version involves using only three consecutive lines. While this is a fun exercise, if youre presenting this puzzle in a speech on, say, preventing drug abuse, you will not only distract the audience, but you will lose credibility because the audience may think that youre trying to manipulate them. But if there is one thing that can quickly turn off an audience more than anything else, it is a boring speaker. Drone on in a monotone, with a robotic expression on your face, and most will be nodding in their seats in a heartbeat. Always remember: be lively, be energetic. Nothing spurs the audience more than an enthusiastic beaker. Use eye contact, and adjust your voice according to the importance of what youre saying. If you can put your emotions into your speech, by all means go ahead. Remember, you are in the public eye, and you are there to portray a certain image, whether you like it or not. So embrace the spotlight and be an actor, but be very careful to not become over dramatic, which will drawn snigger more than respect.A person of power knows how to restrain himself or herself, so to project an image of authority and control, use sharp, well-controlled gestures that makes you seem as if oh move with purpose; which is basically what you should be doing. Gestures, body language and voice modulation. Firstly, gestures. Gestures can be the most powerful form of non-verbal communication that you as a speaker can employ. Gestures clarify and support your words, provide emphasis, act as a kind of visual aid, are highly visible, helps dissipate nervousness, and more importantly stimulates audience participation.To use gesturing, simply allow your body to respond naturally to your thoughts, words and feelings. Natural, spontaneous gesturing that looks smooth and well-time can do wonders for maintaining your audiences attention. But keep nervous gestures like head-scratching and the fig-leaf, where you stand with your hands over your body near your abdomen, to a minimum or get rid of them altogether. They serve no point, and only conveys your nervousness. Just remember not to overdo your gestures, and you shouldnt have to worry.While gestures refer to the use of hand and arm movement, body language refers to the way you carry yourself. In other words, you posture, and the way you move onstage. Your body language reveals exactly how confident you are, and can deliver a stronger impact than merely gesturing alone. Lets say for example that if you speak with shoulders slumped, head down and eyes on the floor, while walking with a shuffling gait. You can have the most expressive gestures in the world, but the audience is only going to see one thing: lack of confidence. On the other hand, if youre bouncing around in a hyperactive manner on stage like a Durable bunny that just swallowed a whole coffee farm, donkeys and all, you are going to project an image of nervousness. Body language has a great part in influencing your audiences reception of your words, so make sure that you project positive body language. The simplest way is to give an image of confidence: shoulders back, spine straight, chest out, and chin up. This not only gives you an air of self-confidence, it also helps relieve whatever nervous tension you might have.Creating positive body language is a lot to do with practice and habit. Make sure that when you are on stage, you do not overdo any kind of movement unless you are deliberately using it for dramatic effect in a story. Dont try imitating others; let your body respond in a natural, smooth-flowing, and spontaneous way. Let yourself mirror your own feelings. You must strive to look as if oh are speaking informally with friends or family. And yes, as contrary as it sounds, you need to practice how to be spontaneous so that you make it into a habit. Again, practice, practice, practice comes to play here.Nothing builds confidence faster than good preparation. If you are prepared, the knowledge itself will translate on stage as confidence. What about voice modulation? Its simple, really; nothing kills a presentation faster than a powerful word or statement spoken in a monotone. Martin Luther King is a historical figure who has a powerful way of using voice modulation. I have a clip here n Powering showing his voice, an excerpt from his The Drum Major Instinct. As you have heard, his voice places emphasis on certain words, like wonderful, greatness, and serve.He raises his voice, or lowers it, as he sees fit to emphasize his message. To learn how to use voice modulation, start by recording your speech. Listen to that recording. Then practice, practice, practice. Once you go out onstage, have a group of listeners whose opinion you trust and respect listen to you, and later your speech, then you have a keeper. After that, you must make sure your audience remembers your speech. You may eve the greatest idea in the universe, but if two hours later everyone has forgotten about it, there is simply no point.How do we go about making an impact? First, encourage your audience to take notes on important points of your speech, and after the speech give handouts containing details. This double emphasis will let the message sink more in your audience. You can also provide visual aids, which will serve as memory Joggers. By stimulating you audience in both sight and sound, youll create a greater impact in their minds. In addition, try to use visual aids at any appropriate chance you get; they an do wonders for creating interest and variety in your presentations.Visual aids not only allows your audience to understand and retain your message better and faster, it helps keep your presentation on track and eases your nerves, since you are essentially doing no more than demonstrating and embellishing what is shown through your visual aid. Of course, make sure that the equipment provided will actually help you present your visual aids. Theres no point bringing a DVD with a killer Powering Presentation using the latest techniques when you arena doesnt even have video projectors. Always do your research before doing something.What are the best kinds of visual aid? There is no answer to this. It depends on available equipment, on available time, and on available resources. It depends on the size of the room, the number of participants, and the location of the event. Visual aids can range from simple written or printed material like flowcharts, to physical objects like props, to electronic and mechanical equipment like transparencies, 35 mm slides, prerecorded videos, and computer presentations. Each allows you to prepare them well in advance of your scheduled presentation.However, only aliphatic and transparencies allow you to create the visual DURING your presentation. This is why they are often used during parts of the talk that involves audience participation. Chalkboards and whiteboards cannot be pre-prepared and is used exclusively for on-the-spot visuals as you present your material. Take the Powering presentation, of which I am sure that all of you are familiar with. With the ever-increasing advances in information technology, most of use nowadays would have used or been exposed to Powering in one way or another.A program like Powering allows you to design screens on your computer with a omelet array of text, colors and illustrations. In fact, with slightly more advanced knowledge you can incorporate music, videos, and graphic images. Then you can arrange these screens in any sequence you which, and you can even use limited animation to create interest in your slides. But in order to use Powering to present information during your presentation, you need two pieces of equipment: a notebook and a projector, whether video or standard overhead.Both of these equipment are not only rather expensive and thus poses a bit of cost and some security risk, they are also relatively bulky and hard to transport around. Also, it is difficult to change the sequence of your screens while in the middle of your presentation, which can pose a bit of a problem when y our audience wants to move in a slightly different direction, and you might not able to bring the visuals along with you. Not to mention means that there is a margin for error, since the program can easily crash or fail to work properly.When it works correctly, Powering presentations can provide a very impressive and memorable impression on your audience. But when something goes wrong, it can easily disrupt your whole speech. In the end, the choice of visual aids lies in your hands. It very much depends on where and when are you giving your speech, as well as your own personal preference. You can also use props, which is essentially a three-dimensional object you have bought or made. When you want to use props in your presentation, make sure you plan, plan, plan. Plan how to use the prop.Plan when to use the prop. Plan where to use the prop. And make sure that when you use it, you inform your audience why you are using it. The process is relatively simple. First, go through your speech or your seminar outline and identify a point or a story where a prop can be used to enhance and enforce your message. Make or buy the prop that you need, and then practice using it in your presentation until you feel confident and comfortable using it. Then demonstrate this in front of friends who can provide feedback, and use their suggestions to modify or correct your presentation.Once youve perfected your delivery with this prop, simply repeat the process for the next prop. Props can generate impact, but used in the wrong context, can be outright distracting and may actually hurt your presentation. So chose wisely, and make sure you are confident enough to use it. When it comes to transporting props, it depends on its bulk, rigidity, and how dangerous it is. Certain props that include gimmicks like pyrotechnics are sometimes tricky to bring around, especially when you have to go through places with security measures, the airport being a good example.But I always maintain the belief that YOU are your best visual aid. An effective speech, in the end, always comes from the heart, and with the use of emotions, gestures, and a bit of acting, you can deliver a strong message on your own. How you dress, move and sound already does most of the talking for you. To impact your audience, you have to master your non-verbal communicating skills; facial expression, tone of voice, and movements all contribute to you making an effective and evocative speech. Use your hands to gesture and illustrate movement and form, and when you move make it natural and confident.Use your voice to reflect emotions. Slow down, speak distinctly without straining your voice, and use occasional pauses to catch and hold attention. Dress in proper attire suited to the occasion, and try to keep colors and accessories from being too loud. If your audience cant keep their eyes off your technicality batik shirt, for example, or the massive flower youve mined to your color, then youre definitely going to lose impact since their so distracted by your colorful fashion sense. Repetition is also an important key in getting your audience to remember you. Devices like this heightens drama, which leads to greater impact.Remember the speech from Martin Luther King youve Just heard? See? You remember his words because he uses a lot of repetition. With the use of repetition, hes driving home the point that you have to serve. But remember to limit your contents. Too much detail can be overwhelming to the average listener, and he or she will respond by immemorially tuning you out in order to process all that information youve bombarded handful of well-chosen points, illustrated with simple supporting ideas, and summed up with a powerful conclusion, will almost always be remembered better than a 50- page long speech filled to brim w ith data. Finally, review and summaries. This is the oldest teaching principle in the book, and there is a good reason why professional speakers still use it today. Because essentially, your audience is going to remember two things most clearly, the beginning of your speech, and the end of your speech. By first telling what youre going to tell, telling it, then telling what youve Just told, youre essentially using repetition. For example, you first state your thesis statement in your introduction, which is basically a summary of the main points in your speech.Then you move on to your speech, where you elaborate and embellish your main points with supporting statements and arguments. Finally, when you reach the end of your speech, you restate your thesis statement, slightly modified, and inform the conclusion of the speech. This Three Times Over method is the single most effective way to imprint our message in your audiences brain. If you are able to use your conclusion to reinstate your points As Lord Macaroon once said: A speech is like a love affair-?any fool can start one, but to end it requires considerable skill. Finish off with a strong, powerful conclusion that summarizes all your points and reinforces your thesis statement, and youll leave behind a powerful memory. Ladies and gentlemen, before I finish off I want you to remember that when all things are said and done, a speech is a speech, and a speech is nothing more than a way to deliver your message to your chosen audience. All of us, I am sure, have something of interest to say, yet do not know how to say it.The tips I have given you today are simply the very bare bones of the art of successful speaking, of how to gain trust and enhance your credibility. I have told you how to capture the attention of your audience with the use of humor an d well-chosen anecdotes, how to hold on to their interest as you deliver your message by controlling your gestures and modifying your voice tone and volume, and how to leave a great impression once youve finished using repetition and visual aids. The nature of oral communication is fleeting one, and the best way to learn how to speak is to go out and do it.

Free Essays on The Sin Is In Living

The Sin is in Living The title of the poem â€Å"Living in Sin,† alone makes the mind race. Naturally the thought that comes to mind is the idea of an unmarried person and premarital sex. Most often sin is related to being ungodly. However, the perception that should be gathered after reading this poem is that a title is just that, a title. The speakers wants the reader to acknowledge that life is not about sin in a sexual sense. The sin is not loving and living with someone you are not married to, but in living with someone you do not love. The speaker is a woman. She is expects much more out of life, but receives much less, leaving her truly disillusioned with the life she is currently living. The speaker believes that she should not have to work at a situation that is meant to be. When the poem first begins the reader is immediately drawn to the fact that she the speaker is meant for a different life. â€Å"She had thought the studio would keep itself; no dust upon the furniture of love† (1-2). In believing the studio would keep itself she admits that she had the illusion that no work would be required. Her relationship should be effortless. She is now coming to the realization that she must work to keep the dust off the furniture of love. Nothing seems to be easy for her in this relationship. She is reminded of this when she looks through a dirty glass pane and listening to the drip of the faucet. â€Å"Half heresy, to wish the taps less vocal, the panes relieved of grime† (3-4). The speaker wishes for the faucet not to drip, and for the windows to be clean. This is the life that God has chosen for her not the one she would have chosen for herself. This is not the life the speaker would have chosen for herself. â€Å"A plate of pears, a piano with a Persian shawl† (4-5). The plate of pears and the Persian shawl insinuates the life the speaker feels she was destined for a life with money and prestige. â€Å"Not that... Free Essays on The Sin Is In Living Free Essays on The Sin Is In Living The Sin is in Living The title of the poem â€Å"Living in Sin,† alone makes the mind race. Naturally the thought that comes to mind is the idea of an unmarried person and premarital sex. Most often sin is related to being ungodly. However, the perception that should be gathered after reading this poem is that a title is just that, a title. The speakers wants the reader to acknowledge that life is not about sin in a sexual sense. The sin is not loving and living with someone you are not married to, but in living with someone you do not love. The speaker is a woman. She is expects much more out of life, but receives much less, leaving her truly disillusioned with the life she is currently living. The speaker believes that she should not have to work at a situation that is meant to be. When the poem first begins the reader is immediately drawn to the fact that she the speaker is meant for a different life. â€Å"She had thought the studio would keep itself; no dust upon the furniture of love† (1-2). In believing the studio would keep itself she admits that she had the illusion that no work would be required. Her relationship should be effortless. She is now coming to the realization that she must work to keep the dust off the furniture of love. Nothing seems to be easy for her in this relationship. She is reminded of this when she looks through a dirty glass pane and listening to the drip of the faucet. â€Å"Half heresy, to wish the taps less vocal, the panes relieved of grime† (3-4). The speaker wishes for the faucet not to drip, and for the windows to be clean. This is the life that God has chosen for her not the one she would have chosen for herself. This is not the life the speaker would have chosen for herself. â€Å"A plate of pears, a piano with a Persian shawl† (4-5). The plate of pears and the Persian shawl insinuates the life the speaker feels she was destined for a life with money and prestige. â€Å"Not that...

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

HRD - Essay Example One of the major roles of human resource management in an organization is staffing as no single organization is in a position to run its operations without employees, both fully functional and support staff. As such human resource development sees the recruitment and selection of human resources, read employees, into the organization. This occurs after human resource development runs planning for human resources where they determine the employees required to meet the goals and achieve set targets for the organization. Recruitment involves attracting qualified applicants for a job that exists in the organization and the qualifications should meet the job description, while selection involves human resource management selecting from the qualified applicants that are best suited (â€Å"Introduction to human†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , n.d.). The other role of human resources is orientation into an organization where after hiring; an employee is expected to familiarize himself or herself with the or ganization and its functions and operations. In this case, human resource development plays its role in orientation, where it acquaints its employees with aspects of the organizations so that the employee is comfortable in the organization and ready to work based on the information that is passed on to him or her during this process. Human resource development provides information on the basics and other information that an employee collects and creates in the process of working in then organization, but most of it is the basics that are provided at orientation (â€Å"Introduction to human†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , n.d.). The third important role of human resource development is training and development, where it provides employees with skills and knowledge to perform their tasks and fulfill their duties responsibly and as per organizational objectives. In this role, human resource development provides training for new employees who

Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism Assignment

Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism - Assignment Example The paper "Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism" examines various artists and their art styles, the depiction of different subject matter, influence of art to everyday life and history. The focus of this study is on Neoclassicism and Romanticism to Realism and Impressionism in Europe and The United States. In Goya’s work, â€Å"Third of May†, the victims are placed in the center of the canvas, and flooded with piercing white light that jumps out at the viewer. The victims are surrounded in blood red, yellow ochre and highlighting white, while the soldiers remain faceless and shrouded in subdued colors of black and grey. Artistic statements that go against the conservative grain or the status quo relating to religion, sexual and gender rights, politics, war, erotica, or portrayals of violence usually stand a good chance of offending some segment of society that wants to silence any voice that opposes them. The most memorable artist of late to embody thes e threats is Robert Mapplethorpe. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Mapplethorpe had a very broad portfolio of work, but it was his images of erotica and sexual expression that caused controversy and legal scandal in the United States and abroad in England. Mapplethorpe’s graphic images were included in an exhibit that had been funded by the National Endowment For The Arts, which caused an uproar to many who claimed that taxpayer money was being used to fund potentially obscene.His images of defecation became the center of many legally heated discussions

Evaluation of Vodafones Strategic Capabilities

Evaluation of Vodafones Strategic Capabilities Vodafone is a well-known mobile network operator headquartered in Newbury, England. It is recognized as the largest telecommunications network company all over the world on the basis of its turnover. Currently, the company has equity interests in twenty-five countries and Partner Networks in another forty-one countries (Vodafone 2011). It is the second largest mobile telecom group throughout globe after China Mobile. The firms success is due to its strategic capabilities and their link with significant external and internal factors. Nowadays for surviving in an intense competition, it is essential that firms must be innovative but it is also essential to identify what makes a firm innovative. As well, it is also vital to identify that what are the resources that make a substantial contribution in a firms innovation capabilities. In regard to business these innovation capabilities are also known as a firms strategic capabilities. The success of a firms strategic capabilities depends on its ability to link it with its internal and external factors that influence the setting of its business objectives and policies. In the light of resource based theory, the strategic capabilities of Vodafone can be assessed by identifying its current resources and capabilities as a successful player in telecommunication network industry (Ordanini Rubera 2008). Subsequently, the effects of its key resources on its strategic capabilities need to be identified in relation to its link with external and internal factors. Throughout company long history and success its resources are classified in two categories that are: Tangible resources: The company tangible resources can be classified into four categories that are financial, physical, organisational structure and technological resources. Intangible resources: Intangible resources can be classified into people-dependent and people-independent resources (Bakar Ahmad 2010). All these resources are not having same importance to company strategy as financial, structure, technological are highly important whereas physical resources is having ordinary importance to it. On the other hand, people dependent and people-independent resources like human and innovation resources and reputation and organisational culture all are having high importance to Vodafone strategy. In regard to these resources, the company is significantly able in developing several strategic capabilities that can be analyzed with the help of its value chain activities that are primary activities and support activities (Bakar Ahmad 2010). Activities or organisational functions direct its employees towards the development of capabilities so it is essential to identify capabilities in regard to companys primary and support activities. One of the substantial strategic capabilities developed by Vodafone in regard to its operations is providing telecommunication services at low cost with guaranteed quality. In regard to technological development, the company have become able to exploit technological opportunity and developing and applying technologies (Donaldson OToole 2007). For handling human resource management, it has developed its capabilities in concern of recruiting and training competent personnel for technological innovation and motivating compensating all employees for more and more technological innovation (Dodourova 2003). In regard to its infrastructure related activities, it has developed capabilities like recognizing and promoting the aspect of innovation, financing and planning for technological innovation, integrating all functional departments, evaluating technological innovation, legal support to it, and attaining essential government support to finance and protect its technological innovation (Dodourova 2003). The discussion of company strategic capabilities and resources depict that almost all its strategic capabilities are grounded on technological innovation that are highly supported by its innovation-friendly tangible and intangible resources. Due to this extreme association between resources and capabilities, the company have become able to handle its external and internal environment that can be understood with subsequent tools like PEST and SWOT analysis: PEST analysis Political factors: Several political factors related to regulations, infrastructure, and health issues affect Vodafone business objectives and policies but with its strategic capability of recognizing, financing, planning, integrating, assessing, and legal and government support it become able to effectively deal with these external issues and develop effective business strategy as per the industry trends and environment (Donaldson OToole 2007). Economic factors: Economic factors like high cost of licences, the bidding war for 3G and constant price wars between providers also critically affect company and its business plans but with its strategic capabilities of technological innovation Vodafone has become able to serve its customers with more surprising and advanced services (Dodourova 2003). Its technological development operations related capabilities are significantly assisting it in resolving economical issues from its external environment. Social-cultural factors: Socio-cultural factors like health issues, demographics and social trends also affects company operations that it critically handled with the help of technological innovation in regard to its human resources and technology development (Lynch 2006). Technologies offered by Vodafone are assured and approved that assist it in handling health related issues and its employees are highly dedicated and committed for technological innovation that assist in handling changing demographics and social trends. Technological factors: Technology related issues that affect company operations and business plans are excessive technological change in mobile phone industry, the introduction of 3G and several other advanced aspects (Dodourova 2003). All these external environment related issues are handled by Vodafone with its technological innovation capability that has been developed by exploiting technological opportunity and developing and applying technologies. SWOT analysis: Another contribution of Vodafone strategic capabilities is in concern to the management of its internal environment that is highly essential to link it up with external environment. With the help of its strategic capabilities, the company has become able to maximize its strength and existing opportunities like global experience, establish itself across several countries, exploring new technologies related to telecommunication and mobile, and increase its size of the market and as well as its market share (Bakar Ahmad 2010). As well, due to its technological innovation capability it has also become able to establish itself at a good global platform, standardized customer relationship management and attaining high operations margin (Dodourova 2003). In addition to this, the company has also become able to minimize its weaknesses and threats to external environment like high capital expenditure, huge RD and infrastructural costs, legal issues, selection of appropriate technologies, political and social regulations, and increasing competitors (McLoughlin Aaker 2010). It has all become possible due to its strategic capabilities developed throughout its different primary and support activities and continuous support from its tangible and intangible resources. All the above identified strategic capabilities assist firm in handling its external as well as internal factors that in turn assist it in the development of appropriate business objective and plans for present and future success of the company. Critical Appraisal of Vodafones Business Performance since 2008 Vodafone is one of the worlds largest mobile communications companies on the basis of revenue. From, its inception it is operating with a vision to become communication leader in a significantly connected world (Capon 2008). In its initial year, it confronted substantial difficulties throughout its business performance but in last some years it has attained immense success due to its several distinct strategic initiatives (Sandbach 2009). Since 2008, the company is doing quite well but still it confronted several failures related to intense competition, emergence of advances communication technologies, and continuous changes in customer preferences (Lynch 2006). For handling failures related to competition the company adopted three generic strategies for competitive advantage. For handling excessive competition and market pressure, the company made use of cost leadership strategy and differentiation in spite of focus strategy. In regard to its problem of competition, the company cost leadership strategy was highly helpful. One critical success attained by the company in this period was to become a firm with truly international customer base (Sandbach 2009). It become possible for Vodafone due to its appropriate strategies like differentiation and cost leadership strategy. In present also, this strategy is highly helpful for the company in dealing with the issues that may arise with number portability. Number portability means customers can switch to anyone who provides a reliable and cheapest service (Vodafone Annual Report 2010 2011). By competing on its cost leadership, Vodafone can direct itself towards higher unit profits that in turn will help it in attaining competitive advantage through decreasing costs. Another imperative success that company has attained in last 3 years is a good global platform which integrates its existing future network systems and heightens its ability to launch products with a concentration on both market speed and the ability to deliver it throughout all group network (Lynch 2006). It is done with a strategic initiative of differentiation. The differentiation along with marketing strategy and effective marketing mix helped Vodafone in serving its customers with added value through their wide range product features and quality that is significantly different from its competitors (Curwen Whalley 2010). The company strategic initiatives and their success and failures can also be understood effectively with the help of BCG matrix that depicts the companys market share and growth rate: Relative Market Share (Cash Generation) High Low Stars Multimedia messaging Question Marks 3G Vodafone Live Cash Cow SMS Dogs Analogue services High Market growth rate (Cash Usage) Low Vodafone BCG Matrix The BCG matrix depicts Vodafones portfolio that in turn demonstrates its products stand. Boston matrix represents the companys portfolio according to where the products and services stand in regard to market share and growth (Johnson 2008). This matrix shows that the company is operating by attaining a balance. Although, it has also confronted troubles in some last years in regard to 3G and Vodafone live that can also be depicted as a problem child or question marks. For effective future success in regard to the existing problems, the company should decrease its investments into its analogue services and in its place it should make use of money from cash cow SMS to reconstitute the problem child and maintain the star multimedia messaging in the high market share/high market growth area (Lynch 2006). In addition to these strategy models, the company performance since 2008 can also be understood with the help of different tools of financial analysis. By analysing subsequent financial ratios in terms of liquidity profitability, efficiency and return to investors it will become easy to identify that how well company managed its performance: Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio: The current ratio for Vodafone decreased from 5.40 to 5.00 in 2009 and 4.99 in 2010. It depicts that in terms of liquidity this period was not as good as throughout these years the company capability to pay its liabilities has decreased (Vodafone Annual Report 2010 2011). Quick Ratio: Vodafones quick ration fall from 5.38 in 2008 to 4.98 in 2009. This in turn also decreased slightly with 4.97 in 2010. This decrease shows that since 2008, the company ability to pay current liabilities without depending on the sale of inventory has also not attained any improvement (Luetjen Maatwk 2011). Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin: Vodafones gross profit margin over the three years has fallen slightly from 38.30% in 2008 to 37.00% in 2006 to a further 33.80%. It is the result of uninterrupted rise in the cost of sales. Although company margins are falling but its ratios are much better than its competitors that demonstrate that industry is at its matured stage and regularly the company is making use of new marketing strategies to bring down its cost. Operating Profit Margin: The company operating profit margin has fallen from 28.32% in 2008 to 14.28% in 2009 that in turn again rose to 21.32% in 2010. This was due to company approach towards market trends and existing competitors moves (Luetjen Maatwk 2011). Net Profit Margin: The company net profit margin has fallen initially from 19.4% in 2008 to 7.51% in 2009 and afterwards it improved to 19.38% in 2010 that was due to companys use of appropriate generic strategies and marketing strategy (Vodafone Annual Report 2010 2011). Return on Equity: The return to equity was also fallen from 8.83% in 2008 to 3.63% in 2009 but again with appropriate strategies it was increased to 9.49% in 2010. Efficiency Ratios Stock Turnover: The company stock turnover has increased continuously in the three years from 85.08 in 2008 to 99.56 in 2009 and 102.71 in 2010. This shows that throughout this three years period the company has effectively converted its stocks into revenue and as well it also made an effective use of its working capital that is critical for attaining success in present intense competitive environment (Luetjen Maatwk 2011). Debtor Turnover: The debtor turnover of the company has fallen slightly from 5.42 in 2008 to 5.35 in 2009 and 5.06 in 2010. It depicts that Vodafone is having high efficiency in regard to credit management. Asset Turnover: The asset turnover of the company is almost similar in three years as it was 0.28 in 2008, 0.27 in 2009 and again 0.28 in 2010. This ratio of company depicts its performance in generating sales from the assets at its disposition. Investment Ratios The Company earning per share has confronted both the increase and decrease from 2008 as in 2008 it was 12.56. In 2009 it reached at 5.84 and in 2010 it reached at 16.44. In addition to this, its price earning ration also confronted increase and decline. In 2008, it was 2.52 that increased to 3.14 in 2009 and again decreased to 1.35 in 2010 (Vodafone Annual Report 2010 2011). The companys use of appropriate strategies in comparison to its competitors assisted it in attaining this position. With the analysis of different financial ratios of the company, it can be said that the company performance since 2008 was a mix of success and failures. In this period the company did not confronted any severe failure in spite of just some minor business and competition related troubles (Wilson Gilligan 2005). Also, the company efforts made throughout this period were highly effective as due to this only it become able to make an effective use of its working capital. Development of a Potential Future Strategy for Vodafone With detailed discussion of company strategic capabilities and performance since 2008, it becomes apparent that company is doing very well but several times it is also troubled with intense competition and several other factors like increasing costs, emergence of advance communication technologies and changing preferences of customers (Dibb Simkin 2010). Till now, the company made use of cost leadership and competitive strategy that significantly helped it in attaining its specific business goals and objectives but it also need to be updated continuously. In regard to grow its position in international and global markets it is vital that the company operate with a potential future strategy that can be developed effectively with the help of Porters Diamond that in regard to Vodafone is as follows: Porters five forces Subsequent five forces make a direct effect on Vodafones strategic competitiveness that in turn will assist in determining a potential future strategy for the company: Competitive rivalry: In telecommunication market in which Vodafone operates competition is quite high and basically it comes from its competitors O2, Orange, T-Mobile and Virgin. In this market rivalry is high and there is no brand loyalty that exhibits that there exist little differentiation in spite of price (Dibb Simkin 2004). For handling this rivalry and growing in international markets the company should expand its operations in more and more developing nations. Buying power: In the market Vodafone is operating buying power is quite high and it could be understood with the measures of number of customers that disconnect throughout a year. This also depicts that rivalry in industry is high. Customers have several choices and new packages in regard to new tariffs and new phones (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2009). For surviving in this kind of market it is vital to have continuous upgrade and expansion in developing countries for maintaining company position at global level. Power of suppliers: In addition to high buyer power, the telecommunication market also operates with strong suppliers power. In this regard, as Vodafone is a cost leader, it operates with margins higher than their competitors. This assist it to attract price increases from its suppliers more comfortably than its competitors (Dibb Simkin 2010). Being an extensive, leading competitors of the mobile telephone industry, Vodafone is able to hold its supplier cost down and attain profit but this situation would not remain in long-term if company is not able to main its position in global and international markets. For this it is vital to enter different developing countries. Threat of substitutes The company threat of product substitutes is low and it is due to its focussed cost leadership strategy. This strategy makes it difficult for others to produce similar products and services at a lower rate with same economies of scale (Fransman 2002). Threat of entry Although the threat of new entrants in industry is low but this situation need to be maintained by Vodafone by reducing its cost below of its competitors. This could be done by maintaining eminent level of efficiency and extending its place and position in different international and global markets (KÄÂ ±mÄÂ ±loÄÅ ¸lu, HNasÄÂ ±r NasÄÂ ±r 2010). With the help of this porters diamond analysis, it becomes evident that the most potential future strategy that can be adopted by Vodafone is expanding or concentrating more on developing countries. This analysis assists in identifying the suitability of selected potential future strategy. With this analysis it becomes evident that in present, Vodafone is able to maintain its position and attain significant competitive advantage with the help of focussed cost leadership strategy but the situation will not remain same in future. In future competition will get more intense and in that environment a firm that have strong international level presence will be able to operate. So, it is quite helpful for Vodafone to operate with a strategy of concentrating more on developing countries (KÄÂ ±mÄÂ ±loÄÅ ¸lu, HNasÄÂ ±r NasÄÂ ±r 2010). This strategy will also assist the company in increasing its profitability and cost-benefit that is related to the acceptability of a strategic option. Until or unless a strategic option s not acceptable it is not beneficial to use it. With this future strategy, the company will become able to reduce its costs and increase its benefits and shareholder value (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2009). In addition to the suitability and acceptability of this future strategy, adoption of this strategy is also feasible. As in present also company is operating in several global locations so it is not so difficult for it to concentrate more on developing nations (Dibb Simkin 2004). It serves its customers with low prices that would also be beneficial for it to expand in developing nations. In this way, it can be concluded that concentrating more on developing markets is a quite effective potential future strategy for Vodafone and for its assured future success.

The Assassination of the Mayor of Castro Street Essay -- Essays Papers

The Assassination of the Mayor of Castro Street and the Consensus of the Judicial System It was November 27th, 1978. There was a cheerful atmosphere in San Francisco’s City Hall that morning. Supervisor Harvey Milk’s good mood was due to Mayor George Moscone’s upcoming announcement to the press. He was going to publicize that he had decided not to reappoint the ultra-conservative "voice for the family", Dan White, back to the board of supervisors. Harvey Milk was a fierce advocate of this political move, for he was the first openly gay elected official, and thus, the most important political leader for homosexuals at the time. Dan White, on the other hand, enforced family values and therefore was not someone that supported this progressive civil rights movement. Thus, the opposition towards Dan White shown by his colleges and the minorities of the community was a new victory for the homosexual rights movement and the many supporters of Harvey Milk. However, Dan White had other plans. The press did not hear that announcement, but instead saw this: [vi deo of announcement of assassinations, "As president of the Board of Supervisors it is my duty to make this announcement . . . Both Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk have been shot and killed. The suspect . . . is Supervisor Dan White.", Dianne Feinstein.] (Epstein & Schmiechen, 1984). Dan White abruptly and severely altered the success of the civil rights movement occurring in the most liberal city of its time. Richard DeLeon states this in his book, Left Coast City: Progressive Politics of San Francisco 1975-1991, "†¦this sad episode in San Francisco’s political history almost certainly delayed the opportunity to fulfill Mayor Moscone’s progressive agenda through the nine ye... ...duced. Their personal negative predisposition towards homosexuals was the underlying principle for their conviction. This obvious stigma associated with Harvey Milk’s sexuality was an instant and enormous step backward in all that Mayor Moscone and Supervisor Milk had accomplished. It is a shame that while the United States is supposed to be the most powerful country in the world, the structure of its judicial system has obvious flaws, which have not been modified for over two hundred years. To fix this problem of the oppression of minorities, one of two things needs to happen. Either the jury system needs to be modified, or society needs to be mature enough to respect each individual without discrimination towards race, gender, or sexual orientation. Until these changes occur, our judicial system will continue to allow people like Dan White to get away with murder.